Why are MSCs therapeutic? New data: new insight

By A. Caplan. Journal of Pathology, 2009

1,160 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Adult marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are able to differentiate into bone, cartilage, muscle, marrow stroma, tendon–ligament, fat and other connective tissues. The questions can be asked, what do MSCs do naturally and where is the MSC niche? New insight and clinical experience suggest that MSCs are naturally found as perivascular cells, summarily referred to as pericytes, which are released at sites of injury, where they secrete large quantities of bioactive factors that are both immunomodulatory and trophic. The trophic activity inhibits ischaemia‐caused apoptosis and scarring while stimulating angiogenesis and the mitosis of tissue intrinsic progenitor cells. The immunomodulation inhibits lymphocyte surveillance of the injured tissue, thus preventing autoimmunity, and allows allogeneic MSCs to be used in a variety of clinical situations. Thus, a new, enlightened era of experimentation and clinical trials has been initiated with xenogenic and allogeneic MSCs. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Subfields: Epidemiology, Genetics, Surgery

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ddf207b0f91a975eca956fbd64b9a7d86ebafabc

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In Epidemiology

1. Jaehyup Kim
2. P. Hematti
3. N. Singer
4. D. Prockop
5. P. Delafontaine

In Genetics

1. R. Lee
2. D. Prockop
3. N. Singer
4. B. Larson
5. A. Pulin
6. Min-Jeong Seo
7. L. Semprun-Prieto
8. Daniel J Kota

In Surgery

1. R. Lee
2. D. Prockop
3. N. Singer
4. Jaehyup Kim
5. P. Hematti
6. L. Semprun-Prieto
7. Daniel J Kota
8. Joni H. Ylostalo

Citations in the corpus

• Mesenchymal stem cells: mechanisms of inflammation. (2011, background): “Recent data suggest a role for hMSCs in angiogenesis and that hMSCs may sense and respond to their environment (21).”
• Mesenchymal stem cell-educated macrophages: a novel type of alternatively activated macrophages (2009, background): “Such unique immunological properties of MSCs combined with their other tissue regeneration properties [14,15], have caused great enthusiasm about the potential of these cells for treatment of a wide variety of disorders [16-18].”
• Exercise is the real polypill. (2013, background): “However, actual engraftment of migratory MSCs in damaged tissue (muscle, myocardium) remains to be demonstrated.”
• Safety of Cell Therapy with Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (SafeCell): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials (2012, background): “[2] There is a growing body of literature demonstrating the efficacy of MSC therapy in a variety of pre-clinical models, including acute lung injury, [3,4] septic shock, [5] and acute myocardial infarction.”
• Intravenous hMSCs Improve Myocardial Infarction in Mice because Cells Embolized in Lung Are Activated to Secrete the Anti-inflammatory Protein TSG-6 (2009, background): “…less than the effects of i.v. infusions of hMSCs. MSCs in culture and in response to chemokines or injured cells secrete large amounts of therapeutic factors such as TGF-b, HGF, IL-4, IL-10, PGE2, and stanniocalcin-1 (Caplan, 2009; Gnecchi et al., 2008; Block et al., 2009; Ohtaki et al., 2008).”
• Same or Not the Same? Comparison of Adipose Tissue-Derived Versus Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem and Stromal Cells (2012, neutral): “Since MSCs are able to differentiate into cells of various tissues, it was thought that they were responsible for the normal turnover and maintainance of adult tissues (at least of mesenchymal origin), just as HSCs are responsible for the turnover and maintainance of blood cells [32].”