The Role of the State and the Hierarchy of Money

By S. Bell. 2001

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The Evolution of Institutions: An Agenda for Future Theoretical Research (2002, background): “For a further discussions of this issue, and the related controversy between ‘Metallists’ and ‘Chartalists’, see Bell (2001), Ingham (2000) and Wray (2000).”
Post Keynesian Approaches to Endogenous Money: A time framework explanation (2003, background): “In more recent times, this so called Chartalist theory has been re-discovered by the Kansas City school (e.g. Bell, 2001; Wray, 1998, Ch. 3) to promote the use of counter-cyclical fiscal policy to achieve full employment.”
Speculative bubbles in Bitcoin markets? An empirical investigation into the fundamental value of Bitcoin (2015, background): “In addition, Bitcoin can be considered as a legal tender with regard to enforceable debt and tax 2 obligations on citizens (Bell, 2001; Dequech, 2013: Ingham, 2004).”