Male–male vocal interactions and the adjustment of song amplitude in a territorial bird

By H. Brumm, D. Todt. 2004

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Soft Song in Song Sparrows: Acoustic Structure and Implications for Signal Function (2008, background): “Brumm & Todt (2004), for example, found that male nightingales (Luscinia megarhynchos) produce songs ranging from 66 to 73 dB SPL during solo performance and from 68 to 79 dB SPL during conspecific playback, with a significant increase in mean SPL between the former and the latter trial conditions.”
On the relationship between, and measurement of, amplitude and frequency in birdsong (2012, background): “This dynamic range of amplitude is an integral part of a bird’s communication system, and a vocalizing individual can voluntarily adjust both frequency and amplitude in normal communicative interactions (Brumm & Todt 2004; Christie et al. 2004; Brumm & Slater 2006; Geberzahn et al. 2009).”
The impact of environmental noise on song amplitude in a territorial bird (2004, background): “As shown recently for nightingales, songbirds can increase their vocal amplitude when interacting with rival males (Brumm & Todt 2004).”
Song amplitude affects territorial aggression of male receivers in chaffinches (2011, background): “Moreover, male nightingales (Luscinia megarhynchos) increase the sound pressure level (SPL) of their songs when interacting with a rival male, suggesting that vocal amplitude may be important for territorial competition (Brumm and Todt 2004).”