DUST AND THE TYPE II-PLATEAU SUPERNOVA 2004dj

By R. Kotak, P. Meikle, D. Farrah, C. Gerardy, R. Foley, S. V. Dyk, C. Fransson, P. Lundqvist, J. Sollerman, R. Fesen and 7 more. 2009

143 citations recorded by the source corpus.

We present mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy of a Type II-plateau supernova, SN 2004dj, obtained with the Spitzer Space Telescope, spanning 106–1393 days after explosion. MIR photometry plus optical/near-IR observations are also reported. An early-time MIR excess is attributed to emission from non-silicate dust formed within a cool dense shell (CDS). Most of the CDS dust condensed between 50 days and 165 days, reaching a mass of 0.3 × 10−5 M☉. Throughout the observations, much of the longer wavelength (>10 μm) part of the continuum is explained as an IR echo from interstellar dust. The MIR excess strengthened at later times. We show that this was due to thermal emission from warm, non-silicate dust formed in the ejecta. Using optical/near-IR line profiles and the MIR continua, we show that the dust was distributed as a disk whose radius appeared to be shrinking slowly. The disk radius may correspond to a grain destruction zone caused by a reverse shock which also heated the dust. The dust-disk lay nearly face-on, had high opacities in the optical/near-IR regions, but remained optically thin in the MIR over much of the period studied. Assuming a uniform dust density, the ejecta dust mass by 996 days was (0.5 ± 0.1) × 10−4 M☉ and exceeded 10−4 M☉ by 1393 days. For a dust density rising toward the center the limit is higher. Nevertheless, this study suggests that the amount of freshly synthesized dust in the SN 2004dj ejecta is consistent with that found from previous studies and adds further weight to the claim that such events could not have been major contributors to the cosmic dust budget.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0ed743c4d8a38708abe9ac61e2063876bb68a7d1

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In Astronomy and Astrophysics

1. S. Smartt
2. S. Valenti
3. N. Smith
4. Ryan Chornock
5. C. Fransson
6. J. Sollerman
7. R. Chevalier
8. R. Kirshner

In Nuclear and High Energy Physics

1. C. Fransson
2. S. Smartt
3. N. Smith
4. R. Chevalier
5. R. Ivison
6. U. Padova
7. S. Benetti
8. N. Elias-Rosa

Citations in the corpus

• The nebular spectra of SN 2012aw and constraints on stellar nucleosynthesis from oxygen emission lines (2013, background): “Finally, the carbon burning ashes (the O/Ne/Mg zone) that contain most of the synthesised oxygen are devoid of much carbon and silicon, which prevents the formation of any large amounts of CO and SiO (at least for t 500 days, Sarangi & Cherchneff (2013)) that would damp out the thermal [O I] λλ630”
• HIGH-DENSITY CIRCUMSTELLAR INTERACTION IN THE LUMINOUS TYPE IIn SN 2010jl: THE FIRST 1100 DAYS (2013, background): “We have investigated this in more detail following Kotak et al. (2009).”
• A COOL DUST FACTORY IN THE CRAB NEBULA: A HERSCHEL STUDY OF THE FILAMENTS (2012, background): “…et al. 2001) yet subsequent mid and far-infrared (FIR) observations have detected only small quantities of warm dust in young ejecta (Sugerman et al. 2006; Meikle et al. 2011; Kotak et al. 2009; Andrews et al. 2011; Fabbri et al. 2011) and old remnants (Williams et al. 2006; Rho et al. 2008).”
• Optical and near infrared coverage of SN 2004et: physical parameters and comparison with other type IIP supernovae (2009, methodology): “Finally, Kotak et al. (2009) observed thermal emission from newly formed dust grains at MIR wavelengths and presented evidence for an IR echo from the interstellar dustof the host galaxy that manifests itself as a cold component of the spectral energy distribution of SN 2004et.”