Coronal Mass Ejections: Observations
679 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Solar eruptive phenomena embrace a variety of eruptions, including flares, solar energetic particles, and radio bursts. Since the vast majority of these are associated with the eruption, development, and evolution of coronal mass ejections (CMEs), we focus on CME observations in this review. CMEs are a key aspect of coronal and interplanetary dynamics. They inject large quantities of mass and magnetic flux into the heliosphere, causing major transient disturbances. CMEs can drive interplanetary shocks, a key source of solar energetic particles and are known to be the major contributor to severe space weather at the Earth. Studies over the past decade using the data sets from (among others) the SOHO, TRACE, Wind, ACE, STEREO, and SDO spacecraft, along with ground-based instruments, have improved our knowledge of the origins and development of CMEs at the Sun and how they contribute to space weather at Earth. SOHO, launched in 1995, has provided us with almost continuous coverage of the solar corona over more than a complete solar cycle, and the heliospheric imagers SMEI (2003–2011) and the HIs (operating since early 2007) have provided us with the capability to image and track CMEs continually across the inner heliosphere. We review some key coronal properties of CMEs, their source regions and their propagation through the solar wind. The LASCO coronagraphs routinely observe CMEs launched along the Sun-Earth line as halo-like brightenings. STEREO also permits observing Earth-directed CMEs from three different viewpoints of increasing azimuthal separation, thereby enabling the estimation of their three-dimensional properties. These are important not only for space weather prediction purposes, but also for understanding the development and internal structure of CMEs since we view their source regions on the solar disk and can measure their in-situ characteristics along their axes. Included in our discussion of the recent developments in CME-related phenomena are the latest developments from the STEREO and LASCO coronagraphs and the SMEI and HI heliospheric imagers.
Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d8d0f605155c32f65e2ae719158a76dda553b962
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In Astronomy and Astrophysics
- M. Temmer
- N. Lugaz
- B. Vršnak
- Valery M. Nakariakov
- J. Thalmann
- Tibor Török
- T. Van Doorsselaere
- T. Wiegelmann
Citations in the corpus
- Geoeffective Properties of Solar Transients and Stream Interaction Regions (2017, background): “At solar maximum times the deflection is more random and CME sources are distributed more evenly at all latitudes (e.g., von Steiger et al. 2005; Webb and Howard 2012).”
- The magnetic field in the solar atmosphere (2014, background): “and CMEs, depending on the emission and dynamics observed (for reviews see, Benz 2008; Fletcher et al. 2011; Mackay et al. 2010; Parenti 2014; Hudson et al. 2006; Webb and Howard 2012).”
- History and development of coronal mass ejections as a key player in solar terrestrial relationship (2016, background): “few times before (Kahler 1992; Gosling 1997; Howard 2006; Alexander et al. 2006; Webb and Howard 2012).”
- The Solar Cycle (2010, methodology): “The frequency of occurrence of CMEs is also correlated with sunspot number (Webb and Howard, 1994) but with differences depending on the data used, the definition of what constitutes a CME, and the method used for finding them (e.g. Webb and Howard, 2012).”
- Magnetohydrodynamic Oscillations in the Solar Corona and Earth’s Magnetosphere: Towards Consolidated Understanding (2016, background): “Comprehensive reviews of recent achievements in the observational study and theoretical modelling of these phenomena can be found by Benz (2008), Chen (2011), Shibata and Magara (2011), Webb and Howard (2012).”
- The Physical Processes of CME/ICME Evolution (2017, background): “A review by Webb and Howard (2012) summarizes observational studies of CMEs utilizing data 5 Space Science Center and Department of Physics, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA 6 Predictive Science Inc., 9990 Mesa Rim Rd, Ste 170, San Diego, CA 92121, USA 7 Hvar Observatory, Faculty…”