The Sloan Lens ACS Survey. IV. The Mass Density Profile of Early-Type Galaxies out to 100 Effective Radii

By R. Gavazzi, T. Treu, Jason D. Rhodes, Leon V. E. Koopmans, A. Bolton, S. Burles, Richard J. Massey, L. A. Moustakas. 2007

369 citations recorded by the source corpus.

We present a weak-lensing analysis of 22 early-type (strong) lens galaxies, based on deep HST images obtained as part of the Sloan Lens ACS Survey. Using advanced techniques to control systematic uncertainties, we show that weak-lensing signal is detected out to ~300 h-1 kpc (at the mean lens redshift z = 0.2). We analyze blank control fields from COSMOS in the same manner, inferring that the residual systematic uncertainty in the tangential shear is less than 0.3%. A joint strong- and weak-lensing analysis shows that the average total mass density profile is consistent with isothermal (i.e., ρ ∝ r-2) over two decades in radius (3-300 h-1 kpc, approximately 1-100 effective radii). This finding extends by over an order of magnitude in radius previous results, based on strong lensing and/or stellar dynamics, that luminous and dark components ``conspire'' to form an isothermal mass distribution. In order to disentangle the contributions of luminous and dark matter, we fit a two-component mass model (de Vaucouleurs+NFW) to the weak- and strong-lensing constraints. It provides a good fit to the data with only two free parameters: (1) the average stellar mass-to-light ratio M*/LV = 4.48 ± 0.46 h M☉ L (at z = 0.2), in agreement with that expected for an old stellar population; (2) the average virial mass-to-light ratio Mvir/LV = 246 h M☉ L. Taking into account the scatter in the mass-luminosity relation, the latter result is in good agreement with semianalytical models of massive galaxy formation. The dark matter fraction inside the sphere of radius, the effective radius, is found to be 27% ± 4%. Our results are consistent with galaxy-galaxy lensing studies of early-type galaxies that are not strong lenses, in the 30-300 h-1 kpc radius range. Thus, within the uncertainties, our results are representative of early-type galaxies in general.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation

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In Astronomy and Astrophysics

1. M. Cappellari
2. P. Hopkins
3. L. Hernquist
4. C. Conroy
5. T. Naab
6. T. Treu
7. Andrey V. Kravtsov
8. Volker Springel

In Instrumentation

1. M. Cappellari
2. C. Conroy
3. P. Hopkins
4. L. Hernquist
5. T. Treu
6. T. Naab
7. Simon D. M. White
8. Risa Wechsler

Citations in the corpus

• THE INITIAL MASS FUNCTION OF EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES (2010, positive): “To meet our goal we exploit the large and homogeneous sample of strong gravitational lenses discovered by the Sloan Lenses ACS Survey (Bolton et al. 2006; Treu et al. 2006; Koopmans et al. 2006; Gavazzi et al. 2007; Bolton et al. 2008a; Gavazzi et al. 2008; Bolton et al. 2008b; Auger et al. 2009).”
• Satellite kinematics – III. Halo masses of central galaxies in SDSS (2010, neutral): “These include techniques that are primarily used on individual systems such as rotation curves (e.g., Rubin et al. 1982), strong lensing of background galaxies (e.g., Gavazzi et al. 2007), and Xray emision from hot gas in clusters (e.g., Rykoff et al. 2008; Dai, Kochanek, & Morgan 2007).”
• AGN-driven quenching of star formation: morphological and dynamical implications for early-type galaxies (2013, methodology): “21, the projected DM fraction within half the effective radius at z ∼ 0.2 in the SLACS data (Gavazzi et al. 2007; Auger et al. 2010a) and in our simulations, we find a better agreement for the simulation with AGN feedback turned on (fdm ∼ 0.5) than without (fdm ∼ 0.2), mostly because the stellar…”
• A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF UNCERTAINTIES AFFECTING THE STELLAR MASS–HALO MASS RELATION FOR 0 < z < 4 (2010, methodology): “Gavazzi et al. (2007) use a setof strong lenses from the SLACS survey along with a model for simultaneously fitting the stellar and dark matter components of the stacked lens profiles.”
• THE SLOAN LENS ACS SURVEY. IX. COLORS, LENSING, AND STELLAR MASSES OF EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES (2009, methodology): “The advent of the Sloan Lens ACS Survey (SLACS; Bolton et al. 2006; Treu et al. 2006; Koopmans et al. 2006; Gavazzi et al. 2007; Bolton et al. 2008; Gavazzi et al. 2008; Bolton et al. 2008; Treu et al. 2009, papers I-VIII, respectively) has made this type of modeling feasible for the first time for…”
• DISSECTING THE GRAVITATIONAL LENS B1608+656. II. PRECISION MEASUREMENTS OF THE HUBBLE CONSTANT, SPATIAL CURVATURE, AND THE DARK ENERGY EQUATION OF STATE (2009, background): “Recent studies such as the Sloan Lens ACS Survey (SLACS) and hydrostatic Xray analyses found that the sum of these internal components can be well-described by a power law (e.g. Treu et al. 2006; Koopmans et al. 2006; Gavazzi et al. 2007; Koopmans et al. 2009; Humphrey & Buote 2009).”
• The kinematic connection between galaxies and dark matter haloes (2010, background): “This is consistent with the strong plus weak lensing result of Gavazzi et al. (2007) which inferred that massive early-types with σ ≃ 240 km s−1 have close to isothermal global density profiles.”
• FEEDBACK FROM CENTRAL BLACK HOLES IN ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES: TWO-DIMENSIONAL MODELS COMPARED TO ONE-DIMENSIONAL MODELS (2010, result): “This is good agreement with recent observations of the total mass profile of early-type galaxies (Gavazzi et al. 2007, 2008).”
• The Sloan Lens ACS Survey. VI. Discovery and Analysis of a Double Einstein Ring (2008, methodology): “Population s2 galaxies follow the redshift distribution of faint background sources presented in Gavazzi et al. (2007) and having z0 = 0.345 and a = 3.89.”
• Detection of a dark substructure through gravitational imaging (2009, background): “…the lens galaxy has a projected dark matter mass fraction inside the effective radius that is about twice the average value of the SLACS lenses (Gavazzi et al. 2007; Koopmans et al. 2006),i.e. fDM (< Reff) ≈ 73%± 9%, corresponding to a project dark matter mass approximately equal toMDM (<…”
• Cosmological simulations with self-interacting dark matter – II. Halo shapes versus observations (2012, background): “First, the total mass profile (galaxy + gas + dark-matter halo) is nearly isothermal (ρ ∼ r−2) for elliptical galaxies (Humphrey et al. 2006; Gavazzi et al. 2007).”
• TWO ACCURATE TIME-DELAY DISTANCES FROM STRONG LENSING: IMPLICATIONS FOR COSMOLOGY (2012, background): “Various studies have shown that the power-law profile provides accurate descriptions of lens galaxies (e.g., Gavazzi et al. 2007; Humphrey & Buote 2010; Koopmans et al. 2009; Auger et al. 2010; Barnabè et al. 2011).”
• THE BARYON CONTENT OF COSMIC STRUCTURES (2009, background): “Gravitational lensing (Hoekstra et al. 2005; Gavazzi et al. 2007) provides important constraints on the total mass, but the conversion to the equivalent circular velocity is sensitive to the assumed model.”
• THE AVERAGE STAR FORMATION HISTORIES OF GALAXIES IN DARK MATTER HALOS FROM z = 0–8 (2012, background): “…redshift (e.g., Moster et al. 2013; Yang et al. 2012; Leauthaud et al. 2012; Behroozi et al. 2010; Moster et al. 2010; Guo et al. 2010; Conroy & Wechsler 2009; Wang & Jing 2010; Zheng et al. 2007b; Mandelbaum et al. 2006; Gavazzi et al. 2007; Yang et al. 2009a; Hansen et al. 2009; Lin & Mohr 2004).”
• The behaviour of dark matter associated with four bright cluster galaxies in the 10 kpc core of Abell 3827 (2015, background): “Such offsets are not seen in isolated field galaxies (e.g. Koopmans et al. 2006; Gavazzi et al. 2007).”
• Galaxy Masses: A Review (2013, methodology): “The SLACS gravitational lenses (Bolton et al. 2006a; Treu et al. 2006; Koopmans et al. 2006; Gavazzi et al. 2007; Bolton et al. 2008a; Gavazzi et al. 2008; Bolton et al. 2008b; Auger et al. 2009; Treu et al. 2009; Auger et al. 2010a; Newton et al. 2011) were selected from the spectroscopic database…”
• Ray-tracing through the Millennium Simulation: Born corrections and lens-lens coupling in cosmic shear and galaxy-galaxy lensing (2008, methodology): “Weak galaxy-galaxy lensing can be used to study the properties of galactic dark-matter halos and the relation between luminous and dark matter (e.g. Mandelbaum et al. 2006; Simon et al. 2007; Gavazzi et al. 2007).”
• TDCOSMO. I. An exploration of systematic uncertainties in the inference of $H_0$ from time-delay cosmography (2019, background): “This bulge-halo conspiracy results in the total mass density profile of lenses being very close to a singular isothermal ellipsoid (e.g., Koopmans et al. 2006, 2009; van de Ven et al. 2009; Cappellari 2016), even out to large radii (Gavazzi et al. 2007; Lagattuta et al. 2010).”
• Two-dimensional kinematics of SLACS lenses – III. Mass structure and dynamics of early-type lens galaxies beyond z ≃ 0.1 (2011, methodology): “…total mass distribution of early-type galaxies over a large radial range, as reported by previous analyses of the SLACS systems (Koopmans et al. 2006; Gavazzi et al. 2007; Czoske et al. 2008; Barnabè et al. 2009a; Koopmans et al. 2009; Auger et al. 2010a), as well as a number of stellar dynamics…”