Social exchange and solidarity: in-group love or out-group hate?

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Intergroup bias in third-party punishment stems from both ingroup favoritism and outgroup discrimination (2014, background): “These studies have concluded that intergroup bias is mainly driven by ingroup favoritism, not outgroup discrimination (Ahmed, 2007; Halevy, Bornstein, & Sagiv, 2008; Koopmans & Rebers, 2009; Yamagishi & Mifune, 2009).”
“In-Group Love” and “Out-Group Hate” in Repeated Interaction Between Groups (2012, result): “These results are generally in line with previous findings, which suggest that in-group love shapes intergroup relations more than out-group hate (Buhl, 1999; Hewstone, Rubin, & Willis, 2002; Lowery, Unzueta, Knowles, & Goff, 2006; Mummendey & Otten, 1998; Yamagishi & Mifune, 2009).”
Ingroup favoritism in cooperation: a meta-analysis. (2014, methodology): “This means, in terms of BGR, that people will cooperate more with ingroup members than with outgroup members, when this can or will affect their reputation (Halevy, Weisel, & Bornstein, 2012; J. Henrich & Gil-White, 2001; Yamagishi et al., 1999; Yamagishi & Mifune, 2009).”