Cognitive Penetrability of Perception in the Age of Prediction: Predictive Systems are Penetrable Systems

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Seeing and Conceptualizing: Modularity and the Shallow Contents of Perception (2018, background): “Reentrant loops in the visual system are estimated to take at least 50 ms to make a round trip (Macknik and Martinez-Conde 2007; Dicarlo et al. 2012; Potter et al. 2014).”
The Centrality of Language in Human Cognition (2016, background): “As subsequent studies made clear (Edmiston & Lupyan, 2015b), while nonverbal cues such as dog barks activated representations of specific dogs (and at specific times), verbal labels appeared to activate a more abstracted and prototypical representation.”
Words and the World (2015, background): “Once learned, verbal labels continue to be uniquely effective in activating conceptual content (Boutonnet & Lupyan, 2015; Lupyan & Thompson-Schill, 2012).”
The relationship between cognitive penetration and predictive coding. (2017, background): “[2015a: 551] And, in addition, it is clear that the specific examples of cognitive penetration that Lupyan (2015a) discusses are ones in which semantic doxastic states of knowledge and belief, as well as other cognitive states, affect perception.”