Matrigel: A complex protein mixture required for optimal growth of cell culture

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A practical guide to hydrogels for cell culture (2016, background): “Significant drawbacks include Matrigel’s tumorigenic origin, diverse composition, and batch-to-batch variability in terms of mechanical and biochemical properties, which in turn brings a significant level of uncertainty to cellular experiments 50 .”
Human pluripotent stem cell-derived neural constructs for predicting neural toxicity (2015, background): “Matrigel is widely used as a scaffold for organoid culture (53), but varies between batches and is a poorly defined mixture of proteins, including many potent growth factors and extracellular matrix components (54).”
Deconstructing the third dimension – how 3D culture microenvironments alter cellular cues (2012, background): “For example, Matrigel comprises collagens, laminin and entactin, but also possesses an uncharacterized population of growth factors that varies substantially between batches (Hughes et al., 2010).”
Three-Dimensional in Vitro Cell Culture Models in Drug Discovery and Drug Repositioning (2018, background): “Matrigel consists mostly of laminin and collagen as well as a small fraction of entactin (a basement membrane glycoprotein) and contains several growth factors, including EGF (epidermal growth factor), bFGF (basic fibroblast growth factor), NGF (nerve growth factor), PDGF, IGF-1(insulin-like growth ”