Toxicity of gold nanoparticles functionalized with cationic and anionic side chains.

By C. Goodman, Catherine D. McCusker, Tuna Yilmaz, Vincent Rotello. Bioconjugate chemistry, 2004

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Better safe than sorry: Understanding the toxicological properties of inorganic nanoparticles manufactured for biomedical applications. (2010, background): “[110] studied gold nanoparticles decorated with alkylammoniumand alkylcarboxylic-thiols resulting in a positively and negatively charged surface, respectively, and observed that the anionic species were non-toxic, whereas the cationic species caused a moderate toxicity in several different viability”
Surface chemistry and aspect ratio mediated cellular uptake of Au nanorods. (2010, result): “6B and C, which is in accordance with previous researches [6,26,46].”
Toxicity and cellular uptake of gold nanoparticles: what we have learned so far? (2010, positive): “This observation was explained by the ability of the cationic nanoparticles to interact with the negatively charged cellular membrane and the resultant membrane disruption ( Goodman et al. 2004 ).”
Physicochemical Properties of Nanomaterials: Implication in Associated Toxic Manifestations (2014, neutral): “Moreover, they have also been shown to induce hemolysis and platelet aggregation [51] owing to which causes severe toxicity to the system.”