Formation of droplets and bubbles in a microfluidic T-junction-scaling and mechanism of break-up.

By P. Garstecki, Michael J. Fuerstman, Howard A. Stone, George M. Whitesides. Lab on a Chip, 2006

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Correlations of droplet formation in T-junction microfluidic devices: from squeezing to dripping (2008, methodology): “From the previous work (Cristini and Tan 2004; Garstecki et al. 2006; Menech et al. 2008), capillary number for the continuous phase is an important parameter to distinguish two-phase flow patterns and the mechanisms of break-up in T-junction microdevices.”
Transition from squeezing to dripping in a microfluidic T-shaped junction (2008, methodology): “It was proposed that when the capillary number is sufficiently small, the dominant contribution to the dynamics of breakup arises from the buildup of pressure upstream of the emerging droplet (Garstecki et al. 2005d , 2006).”
Droplet based microfluidics (2012, methodology): “Finally, let us briefly discuss also the T-junction [98, 100, 111] in which the saddle point is deprived of all imponderable softness, cf figure 4.”
Microfluidic Production of Multiple Emulsions (2017, methodology): “Due to excessive compressive force from the continuous phase, the dispersed phase neck is squeezed until it pinches off into drops [86,98,99], as shown in Figure 2f.”