New Hubble Space Telescope Discoveries of Type Ia Supernovae at z ≥ 1: Narrowing Constraints on the Early Behavior of Dark Energy

By A. Riess, L. Strolger, S. Casertano, H. Ferguson, B. Mobasher, B. Gold, P. Challis, A. Filippenko, S. Jha, Weidong Li and 11 more. 2006

1,624 citations recorded by the source corpus.

We have discovered 21 new Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and have used them to trace the history of cosmic expansion over the last 10 billion yr. These objects, which include 13 spectroscopically confirmed SNe Ia at z ≥ 1, were discovered during 14 epochs of reimaging of the GOODS fields North and South over 2 yr with the Advanced Camera for Surveys on HST. Together with a recalibration of our previous HST-discovered SNe Ia, the full sample of 23 SNe Ia at z ≥ 1 provides the highest redshift sample known. Combining these data with previous SN Ia data sets, we measured H(z) at discrete, uncorrelated epochs, reducing the uncertainty of H(z > 1) from 50% to under 20%, strengthening the evidence for a cosmic jerk—the transition from deceleration in the past to acceleration in the present. The unique leverage of the HST high-redshift SNe Ia provides the first meaningful constraint on the dark energy equation-of-state parameter at z ≥ 1. The result remains consistent with a cosmological constant [w(z) = −1] and rules out rapidly evolving dark energy (dw/dz ≫ 1). The defining property of dark energy, its negative pressure, appears to be present at z > 1, in the epoch preceding acceleration, with ~98% confidence in our primary fit. Moreover, the z > 1 sample-averaged spectral energy distribution is consistent with that of the typical SN Ia over the last 10 Gyr, indicating that any spectral evolution of the properties of SNe Ia with redshift is still below our detection threshold.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics

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Citations in the corpus

High luminosity, slow ejecta and persistent carbon lines: SN 2009dc challenges thermonuclear explosion scenarios (2010, background): “In particular, with sufficiently precise observations of SNe Ia at low and high redshift, the expansion history of the Universe can be reconstructed and a possible time evolution of Dark Energy can be probed (e.g. Riess et al. 2007).”
Improved cosmological constraints from a joint analysis of the SDSS-II and SNLS supernova samples (2014, methodology): “In the most sensitive bands (g, r, i), the uncertainties introduced in the calibration transfer are now typically smaller than the uncertainty in the HST flux standards (∼3 mmag); in other words, our calibration is now limited by the precision in the CALSPEC flux calibration.”
A Cosmology-Independent Calibration of Gamma-Ray Burst Luminosity Relations and the Hubble Diagram (2008, methodology): “However, Riess et al. (2007) failed to reveal the direct evidence for SN Ia evolution from analysis of thez > 1 sampleaveraged spectrum.”
The Pantheon+ Analysis: Cosmological Constraints (2022, background): “…Legacy Survey (SNLS; Betoule et al. 2014), Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS; Sako et al. 2011), Hubble Space Telescope (HST; Gilliland et al. 1999; Riess et al. 2001, 2004, 2007; Suzuki et al. 2012; Riess et al. 2018), and Low-z (grouped together as LOSS_11; Ganeshalingam et al. 2010; LOSS_21;…”
CANDELS: THE COSMIC ASSEMBLY NEAR-INFRARED DEEP EXTRAGALACTIC LEGACY SURVEY (2011, positive): “HST and ACS have played a unique role in the ongoing investigation of dark energy by enabling the discovery of 23 SNe Ia at z > 1, beyond the reach of ground-based telescopes (Riess et al. 2004, 2007).”
Total mass biases in X-ray galaxy clusters (2008, background): “…evolution will provide independent tests with which to compare constraints on cosmological models extracted from observations of the cosmic background radiation (e.g. Spergel et al. 2007) and distance measurements of high redshift supernovae (e.g. Tonry et al. 2003; Riess et al. 2004, 2007).”
The WiggleZ Dark Energy Survey: survey design and first data release (2009, background): “…and the latest supernova data from the supernova legacy survey (SNLS), HST and Equation of State: Supernovae Trace Cosmic Expansion (ESSENCE) projects (Astier et al. 2006; Riess et al. 2007; Wood-Vasey et al. 2007) to predict marginalized errors in our model of σ ( m) = 0.02 and σ (wconst) = 0.07.”
ULTRAVIOLET LUMINOSITY FUNCTIONS FROM 132 z ∼ 7 AND z ∼ 8 LYMAN-BREAK GALAXIES IN THE ULTRA-DEEP HUDF09 AND WIDE-AREA EARLY RELEASE SCIENCE WFC3/IR OBSERVATIONS (2010, methodology): “0 reductions, but reach ∼0.1-0.3 mag deeper in the z850-band due to our inclusion of the SNe follow-up data (e.g., Riess et al. 2007).”
LSST: From Science Drivers to Reference Design and Anticipated Data Products (2008, background): “Probing Dark Energy and Dark Matter Current models of cosmology require the existence of both dark matter and dark energy to match observational constraints (Riess et al. 2007; Komatsu et al. 2009; Percival et al. 2010; LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration 2012, and references therein).”
A 2.4% DETERMINATION OF THE LOCAL VALUE OF THE HUBBLE CONSTANT (2016, methodology): “Together with the present acceleration q0=−0.55 and prior deceleration j0=1 which can be measured via high-redshift SNe Ia (Riess et al. 2007; Betoule et al. 2014) independently of the CMB or BAO, we find for the primary fit aB=0.71273±0.00176, with the uncertainty in q0 contributing 0.1%…”
Holographic dark energy (2016, neutral): “In recent years, several high quality supernova (SN) datasets have been released, such as “gold04” [59], “gold06” [60] “SNLS” [61], “ESSENCE” [62], “Union” [63], “Constitution” [64], “SDSS” [65], “Union2” [66], “SNLS3” [67] and “Union2.”
CANDELS MULTI-WAVELENGTH CATALOGS: SOURCE DETECTION AND PHOTOMETRY IN THE GOODS-SOUTH FIELD (2013, background): “…(GO 9425 and 9583; see Giavalisco et al. 2004) and additional data acquired on the GOODS fields during the search for high redshift Type Ia supernovae carried out during Cycles 12 and 13 (Program ID 9727, P.I. Saul Perlmutter, and 9728, 10339, 10340, P.I. Adam Riess; see, e.g., Riess et al. 2007).”
Quantifying the effect of baryon physics on weak lensing tomography (2011, background): “⋆ sembolon@strw.leidenuniv.nl Observations of type Ia supernovae provided the first evidence for the accelerated expansion (Perlmutter et al. 1999; Riess et al. 2007; Amanullah et al. 2010).”
The WiggleZ Dark Energy Survey: measuring the cosmic expansion history using the Alcock-Paczynski test and distant supernovae (2011, methodology): “This compilation of 557 supernovae includes data from Hamuy et al. (1996), Riess et al. (1999, 2007), Astier et al. (2006), Jha et al. (2006), Wood-Vasey et al. (2007), Holtzman et al. (2008), Hicken et al. (2009) and Kessler et al. (2009).”
VARIABLE SODIUM ABSORPTION IN A LOW-EXTINCTION TYPE Ia SUPERNOVA, (2009, background): “These objects are thus the focus of many current and future dark-energy experiments (e.g., Astier et al. 2006; Riess et al. 2007; Wood-Vasey et al. 2007; Aldering 2005).”