The Pantheon+ Analysis: Cosmological Constraints

By D. Brout, D. Scolnic, B. Popovic, A. Riess, A. Carr, Joe Zuntz, R. Kessler, T. Davis, S. Hinton, David O. Jones and 39 more. Astrophysical Journal, 2022

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We present constraints on cosmological parameters from the Pantheon+ analysis of 1701 light curves of 1550 distinct Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) ranging in redshift from z = 0.001 to 2.26. This work features an increased sample size from the addition of multiple cross-calibrated photometric systems of SNe covering an increased redshift span, and improved treatments of systematic uncertainties in comparison to the original Pantheon analysis, which together result in a factor of 2 improvement in cosmological constraining power. For a flat ΛCDM model, we find Ω M = 0.334 ± 0.018 from SNe Ia alone. For a flat w 0CDM model, we measure w 0 = −0.90 ± 0.14 from SNe Ia alone, H 0 = 73.5 ± 1.1 km s−1 Mpc−1 when including the Cepheid host distances and covariance (SH0ES), and w 0 = −0.978−0.031+0.024 when combining the SN likelihood with Planck constraints from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO); both w 0 values are consistent with a cosmological constant. We also present the most precise measurements to date on the evolution of dark energy in a flat w 0 w a CDM universe, and measure w a = −0.1−2.0+0.9 from Pantheon+ SNe Ia alone, H 0 = 73.3 ± 1.1 km s−1 Mpc−1 when including SH0ES Cepheid distances, and w a = −0.65−0.32+0.28 when combining Pantheon+ SNe Ia with CMB and BAO data. Finally, we find that systematic uncertainties in the use of SNe Ia along the distance ladder comprise less than one-third of the total uncertainty in the measurement of H 0 and cannot explain the present “Hubble tension” between local measurements and early universe predictions from the cosmological model.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/433e562d53343236d9dca84c008d1200dbbf861b

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Citations in the corpus

The Pantheon+ Analysis: The Full Data Set and Light-curve Release (2021, background): “2 paper by Brout et al. (2022b), and the determination of H0 is discussed by Riess et al. (2022).”
The Ups and Downs of Early Dark Energy solutions to the Hubble tension: A review of models, hints and constraints circa 2023 (2023, background): “4 It has been suggested that the Pantheon+ sample and strongly lensed QSOs may indicate that at high redshifts, the determination of Ωm deviates from ΛCDM [56–60], although these deviations are still under the 2σ level [61].”
DESI 2024: reconstructing dark energy using crossing statistics with DESI DR1 BAO data (2024, methodology): “26 [84]; “Union3”, containing 2087 SNe Ia processed through the Unity 1.5 pipeline based on Bayesian Hierarchical Modelling [85]; and “DES-SN5YR”, a compilation of 194 low-redshift SNe Ia (0 .”
The Hubble Tension and Early Dark Energy (2022, methodology): “Great efforts have been made to calibrate and standardize these consistently with the thousands of SN Ia in the Hubble flow (25, 32) (typically at 0.”
The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: DR6 Gravitational Lensing Map and Cosmological Parameters (2023, methodology): “We believe that the change from Pantheon to Pantheon+ is, to a significant extent, responsible for this difference – the Pantheon+ Ωm is 13% higher than Pantheon, which lowers h in this analysis; this also matches what was found in Philcox et al. (2022) using BOSS, Planck lensing, and Pantheon+. Obs”