A study of typhoid fever in five Asian countries: disease burden and implications for controls.

By R. L. Ochiai, C. Acosta, M. C. Danovaro-Holliday, Baiqing Dong, S. Bhattacharya, M. Agtini, Z. Bhutta, D. Canh, Mohammad Ali, S. Shin and 9 more. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2008

722 citations recorded by the source corpus.

OBJECTIVE To inform policy-makers about introduction of preventive interventions against typhoid, including vaccination. METHODS A population-based prospective surveillance design was used. Study sites where typhoid was considered a problem by local authorities were established in China, India, Indonesia, Pakistan and Viet Nam. Standardized clinical, laboratory, and surveillance methods were used to investigate cases of fever of >or= 3 days' duration for a one-year period. A total of 441,435 persons were under surveillance, 159,856 of whom were aged 5-15 years. FINDINGS A total of 21,874 episodes of fever were detected. Salmonella typhi was isolated from 475 (2%) blood cultures, 57% (273/475) of which were from 5-15 year-olds. The annual typhoid incidence (per 100,000 person years) among this age group varied from 24.2 and 29.3 in sites in Viet Nam and China, respectively, to 180.3 in the site in Indonesia; and to 412.9 and 493.5 in sites in Pakistan and India, respectively. Altogether, 23% (96/413) of isolates were multidrug resistant (chloramphenicol, ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole). CONCLUSION The incidence of typhoid varied substantially between sites, being high in India and Pakistan, intermediate in Indonesia, and low in China and Viet Nam. These findings highlight the considerable, but geographically heterogeneous, burden of typhoid fever in endemic areas of Asia, and underscore the importance of evidence on disease burden in making policy decisions about interventions to control this disease.

Subfields: Food Science, Infectious Diseases

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ce925fc7183eb8426b3576b9c19b1e54ca4b8fac

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Citations in the corpus

Salmonella: A review on pathogenesis, epidemiology and antibiotic resistance (2015, background): “In a surveillance study conducted in five Asian countries, India, Pakistan and Vietnam had higher rates of MDR isolates of S. Typhi than Indonesia and China (Ochiai et al. 2008).”
Global trends in typhoid and paratyphoid fever (2010, background): “However, this situation is changing because of the availability of high-quality burden of disease data from countries of endemicity [12]; the experience of typhoid vaccination programs in Thailand, China, Vietnam, and India [27]; and vaccine demonstration projects in 5 Asian countries [28].”