Superoxide Ion: Generation and Chemical Implications.

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Determination of Antioxidants by DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity and Quantitative Phytochemical Analysis of Ficus religiosa (2022, background): “The extreme sensitivity of hydroxyl radicals causes significant harm to cells and their elements, as well as to organisms as a whole [49].”
Type I and II Photosensitized Oxidation Reactions: Guidelines and Mechanistic Pathways (2017, background): “The generation of O 2 that is in equilibrium with HO 2, as a side product of type I photosensitization, is a more prevalent process (12,13).”
Superoxide dismutases: Dual roles in controlling ROS damage and regulating ROS signaling (2018, neutral): “Superoxide is a negatively charged free radical formed through a single electron donation to oxygen (Hayyan et al., 2016).”
Several lines of antioxidant defense against oxidative stress: antioxidant enzymes, nanomaterials with multiple enzyme-mimicking activities, and low-molecular-weight antioxidants (2024, neutral): “1) (Hayyan et al. 2016).”
Antioxidant response mechanism of freshwater microalgae species to reactive oxygen species production: a mini review (2020, background): “ROS include compounds such as O2 - , H2O2, and OH which are known to be chemically reactive species containing oxygen [9].”