Type I and II Photosensitized Oxidation Reactions: Guidelines and Mechanistic Pathways
By M. S. Baptista, J. Cadet, P. Di Mascio, Ashwini Ghogare, A. Greer, Michael R Hamblin, Carolina Lorente, S. C. Núñez, M. Ribeiro, Andrés H. Thomas and 2 more. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 2017
743 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Here, 10 guidelines are presented for a standardized definition of type I and type II photosensitized oxidation reactions. Because of varied notions of reactions mediated by photosensitizers, a checklist of recommendations is provided for their definitions. Type I and type II photoreactions are oxygen‐dependent and involve unstable species such as the initial formation of radical cation or neutral radicals from the substrates and/or singlet oxygen (1O2 1∆g) by energy transfer to molecular oxygen. In addition, superoxide anion radical ( O2·− ) can be generated by a charge‐transfer reaction involving O2 or more likely indirectly as the result of O2‐mediated oxidation of the radical anion of type I photosensitizers. In subsequent reactions, O2·− may add and/or reduce a few highly oxidizing radicals that arise from the deprotonation of the radical cations of key biological targets. O2·− can also undergo dismutation into H2O2, the precursor of the highly reactive hydroxyl radical ( ·OH ) that may induce delayed oxidation reactions in cells. In the second part, several examples of type I and type II photosensitized oxidation reactions are provided to illustrate the complexity and the diversity of the degradation pathways of mostly relevant biomolecules upon one‐electron oxidation and singlet oxygen reactions.
Subfields: Biomedical Engineering, Molecular Biology, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/59983e5e25fe70c31a8d7737094af40c3905f985
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Citations in the corpus
- Transition Metal Complexes and Photodynamic Therapy from a Tumor-Centered Approach: Challenges, Opportunities, and Highlights from the Development of TLD1433 (2018, neutral): “Cadet and Greer and co-workers 14 emphasized that “ photodynamic action is killing via Type I or Type II ” photoprocesses and that the term “ oxygen-independent photodynamic action should not be used ” .”
- Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy – what we know and what we don’t (2018, background): “The ratio of both photodynamic mechanisms is unique for each PS and depending on the respective chemical structure, whereby the singlet oxygen quantum yield UD describes the amount of type II mechanism (Maisch et al. 2007; Alves et al. 2014; Baptista et al. 2017; Wainwright, Maisch, et al. 2017).”