Metabolic Regulation of Immune Responses
By K. Ganeshan, A. Chawla. Annual Review of Immunology, 2014
828 citations recorded by the source corpus.
The immune system provides defense against pathogens and functions to maintain tissue homeostasis for the life of the organism. These diverse functions of immunity are bioenergetically expensive, requiring precise control of cellular metabolic pathways. Although the initial observations in this area were made almost a century ago, studies over the last decade have elucidated the molecular basis of how extracellular signals control the uptake and catabolism of nutrients in quiescent and activated immune cells. Collectively, these studies have revealed that the metabolic pathways of oxidative metabolism, glycolysis, and glutaminolysis, preferentially fuel the cell fate decisions and effector functions of immune cells. We discuss here these findings, and provide a general framework for understanding how metabolism fuels and regulates the maturation of immune responses. A better understanding of the metabolic checkpoints that control these transitions might provide new insights for modulating immunity in infection, cancer, or inflammatory disorders.
Subfields: Cancer Research, Immunology
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cd8a4b4a9750c859bf1616a5b4ce47c32d4852eb
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Citations in the corpus
- New insights into oxidative stress and inflammation during diabetes mellitus-accelerated atherosclerosis (2018, background): “AMPK is an inhibitor of acute proinflammatory responses [159] and regulates inflammation in atherosclerosis through phosphorylation of several key proteins that mediate downstream signaling pathways.”
- Trained immunity: a program of innate immune memory in health and disease (2016, background): “Recent work revealed extensive rewiring of metabolic pathways in different immune cells upon activation (89).”
- Regulation of glycolysis by the hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF): implications for cellular physiology (2020, background): “The activation of glycolysis in immune cells is regulated by HIF-1α in activated M1 macrophages, dendritic cells, lymphocytes and neutrophils, and co-regulated by HIF-1α and PI3K/Akt pathway in dendritic cells and CD4+ T cells (Ganeshan & Chawla, 2014; Colgan et al. 2020).”
- Metabolism via Arginase or Nitric Oxide Synthase: Two Competing Arginine Pathways in Macrophages (2014, background): “The arginase/iNOS dichotomy of macrophage amino acid metabolism has counterparts in the other major components of cellular metabolism: (a) genes of fatty acid oxidation are preferentially expressed in M2 macrophages and inhibition of fatty acid oxidation leads to an abrogation of M2 activation (116)”