A NEW MULTI-DIMENSIONAL GENERAL RELATIVISTIC NEUTRINO HYDRODYNAMICS CODE OF CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE. III. GRAVITATIONAL WAVE SIGNALS FROM SUPERNOVA EXPLOSION MODELS

By B. Mueller, Hans-Thomas Janka, Andreas Marek. 2012

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We present a detailed theoretical analysis of the gravitational wave (GW) signal of the post-bounce evolution of core-collapse supernovae (SNe), employing for the first time relativistic, two-dimensional explosion models with multi-group, three-flavor neutrino transport based on the ray-by-ray-plus approximation. The waveforms reflect the accelerated mass motions associated with the characteristic evolutionary stages that were also identified in previous works: a quasi-periodic modulation by prompt post-shock convection is followed by a phase of relative quiescence before growing amplitudes signal violent hydrodynamical activity due to convection and the standing accretion shock instability during the accretion period of the stalled shock. Finally, a high-frequency, low-amplitude variation from proto-neutron star (PNS) convection below the neutrinosphere appears superimposed on the low-frequency trend associated with the aspherical expansion of the SN shock after the onset of the explosion. Relativistic effects in combination with detailed neutrino transport are shown to be essential for quantitative predictions of the GW frequency evolution and energy spectrum, because they determine the structure of the PNS surface layer and its characteristic g-mode frequency. Burst-like high-frequency activity phases, correlated with sudden luminosity increase and spectral hardening of electron (anti-)neutrino emission for some 10 ms, are discovered as new features after the onset of the explosion. They correspond to intermittent episodes of anisotropic accretion by the PNS in the case of fallback SNe. We find stronger signals for more massive progenitors with large accretion rates. The typical frequencies are higher for massive PNSs, though the time-integrated spectrum also strongly depends on the model dynamics.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cbe86b4f961f1760b5f69fd57deda247d038f562

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Citations in the corpus

Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) and Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) Conceptual Design Report Volume 2: The Physics Program for DUNE at LBNF (2015, background): “Observation of a supernova neutrino burst in coincidence with gravitational waves (which would also be prompt, and could indeed provide a time reference for a time-of-flight analysis) would be especially interesting [160, 161, 162, 163].”
SELF-SUSTAINED ASYMMETRY OF LEPTON-NUMBER EMISSION: A NEW PHENOMENON DURING THE SUPERNOVA SHOCK-ACCRETION PHASE IN THREE DIMENSIONS (2014, background): “…2013) and spins (Blondin & Mezzacappa 2007; Rantsiou et al. 2011; Guilet & Fernández 2014), quasi-periodic neutrino-emission modulations (Marek et al. 2009; Lund et al. 2010; Tamborra et al. 2013), and SN gravitational-wave signals (Marek et al. 2009; Murphy et al. 2009; Müller et al. 2013).”
The Gravitational Wave Signal from Core-collapse Supernovae (2018, methodology): “The dependence of the CCSN GW signal on the progenitor mass was previously studied in a number of works (Murphy et al. 2009; Müller et al. 2013; Yakunin et al. 2015).”
THE LANDSCAPE OF THE NEUTRINO MECHANISM OF CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE: NEUTRON STAR AND BLACK HOLE MASS FUNCTIONS, EXPLOSION ENERGIES, AND NICKEL YIELDS (2014, methodology): “…progenitors and 2D simulations of different groups using similar physics and performed on the same four progenitors show qualitative differences ranging from full success to complete failure (Müller et al. 2012a; Müller et al., 2013, YITP conference; Bruenn et al. 2013; Dolence et al. 2014).”
The Status of Multi-Dimensional Core-Collapse Supernova Models (2016, background): “…wave emission; Mirizzi et al. 2016 for the neutrino signal) as well as some of the major publications of recent years (gravitational waves: Müller et al. 2013; Yakunin et al. 2015; Nakamura et al. 2016; neutrinos: Tamborra et al. 2013, 2014a; Müller & Janka 2014) Neither do we address…”
Exploring Fundamentally Three-dimensional Phenomena in High-fidelity Simulations of Core-collapse Supernovae (2018, background): “The frequency we observe is slightly higher (by ∼20% at 450 ms) than expected based on the analytic predictions in Müller et al. (2013) because our gravitational wave predictions arise from Newtonian hydrodynamics are therefore are not either time dilated or redshifted.”
Gravitational wave signals from 3D neutrino hydrodynamics simulations of core-collapse supernovae (2016, methodology): “This is in contrast to previous studies in 2D (Murphy et al. 2009; M¨uller et al. 2013) where shock expansion is typically followed by an increase in the high-frequency emission band.”
SASI ACTIVITY IN THREE-DIMENSIONAL NEUTRINO-HYDRODYNAMICS SIMULATIONS OF SUPERNOVA CORES (2013, background): “…fact that it turned out to be particularly hard to explode in self-consistent 2D simulations with sophisticated neutrino treatment, where it exhibits violent shock sloshing motions with amazingly stable periodicity over a long period of postbounce evolution (Müller et al. 2013; Janka et al. 2012).”
A COMPARISON OF TWO- AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL NEUTRINO-HYDRODYNAMICS SIMULATIONS OF CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE (2013, background): “…state-of-theart two-dimensional (2D) simulations, in which spectral neutrino transport is solved with different levels of sophistication (e.g., Buras et al. (2006); Marek & Janka (2009); Müller et al. (2012, 2013); Bruenn et al. (2013); Suwa et al. (2010, 2011, 2013), Janka (2012) for a review).”
NEUTRINO-DRIVEN SUPERNOVA OF A LOW-MASS IRON-CORE PROGENITOR BOOSTED BY THREE-DIMENSIONAL TURBULENT CONVECTION (2015, methodology): “We performed 1D, 2D, and full (4π) 3D simulations of a nonrotating, zero-metallicity 9.6 M , iron-core progenitor provided by A. Heger (private communication; Woosley & Heger 2015) and previously investigated in 2D by Müller et al. (2013).”
What can be learned from a future supernova neutrino detection (2017, background): “The prompt convection also manifests in the gravitational wave signal as well, opening promising multi-messenger possibilities [128].”
Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), Far Detector Technical Design Report, Volume II: DUNE Physics (2020, background): “Observation of a supernova neutrino burst in coincidence with gravitational waves (which would also be prompt, and could indeed provide a time reference for a a time-of-flight analysis) would be especially interesting [269, 270, 271, 272].”