Protocol, or, How Control Exists after Decentralization

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A New Algorithmic Identity (2011, background): “And Alexander Galloway (2004) argues that this type of code, or his term ‘protocol’, also encompasses the standards for internet communication (TCP/IP and DNS).”
The freelance translation machine: Algorithmic culture and the invisible industry (2013, background): “The game thus presents itself as an allegory for a mode of cultural, social, and political control that Galloway (2004) theorizes as ‘protocological’.”
The Relevance of Algorithms (2013, background): “…geral” (GITELMAN, 2006, p. 5) e estão envolvidos e influenciando as maneiras pelas quais ratificamos o conhecimento para a vida cívica, porém de maneiras mais “protocológicas” (GALLOWAY, 2004) - ou organizadas computacionalmente para dizer de outro jeito - do que qualquer outro meio anteriormente.”
Algorithms and their others: Algorithmic culture in context (2016, background): “…informational systems (e.g. Curry, 1998; Dourish, 2014), the organizing principles of data archives (e.g. Edwards et al., 2011) or the relationships between data format, data transmission, and representation (e.g. Dourish, 2015; Galloway, 2004) – is the necessary dual of algorithmic processing.”
Playing the visibility game: How digital influencers and algorithms negotiate influence on Instagram (2018, background): “Similar to hackers, simulators identify possibilities based on their understanding of the logics of the underlying code (Galloway, 2004).”