Uncertainty and the Roots of Extremism

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Terrorism, radicalization, and de-radicalization (2016, background): “When people feel uncertain, they become motivated to identify strongly with a group that reduces their uncertainty by providing them with clear norms and values [19].”
Uncertain Self in a Changing World: A Foundation for Radicalisation, Populism, and Autocratic Leadership (2020, background): “psychological literatures invoke self-related uncertainty (see Arkin et al., 2010; Hogg et al., 2013; Križan & Gibbons, 2014; Kruglanski & Fishman, 2009; Kruglanski et al., 2006; Sorrentino & Roney, 1999; Van den Bos, 2009).”
Conspiracy Beliefs and Violent Extremist Intentions: The Contingent Effects of Self-efficacy, Self-control and Law-related Morality (2020, background): “Conspiracy theories may fulfil basic needs which many extremists have been shown to strive for, such as the ability to provide certainty and cognitive closure (Hogg et al., 2013; Webster & Kruglanski, 1994) and overcome issues related to perceived powerlessness and feelings of anomia (Boehnke, Hagan”