Role of the tip vortex in the force generation of low-aspect-ratio normal flat plates

By M. Ringuette, Michele Milano, Morteza Gharib. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2007

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The influence of airfoil kinematics on the formation of leading-edge vortices in bio-inspired flight (2009, unknown): “1, as described in Rival and Tropea (2009). Therefore, it becomes clear that Theodorsen’s circulatory approach, which assumes attached flow, is not appropriate to predict the lift variation beyond the dynamic-stall process once the airfoil is fully stalled.”
Can Tip Vortices Enhance Lift of a Flapping Wing (2009, background): “Although the jet [10] and the tip vortices [11] have been investigated in the literature, their impact on the lift and thrust associated with a flapping wing have not been adequately established.”
Recent progress in flapping wing aerodynamics and aeroelasticity (2010, background): “[82] presented experimentally that the TiVs contributed substantially to the overall plate force by interacting with the LEVs at Re=3.”
Three-dimensional flows around low-aspect-ratio flat-plate wings at low Reynolds numbers (2009, methodology): “The experiments by Ringuette, Milano & Gharib (2007) extensively studied the wake vortices behind low-aspect-ratio plates but only at α =9 0◦.”