New concepts in the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis

By Bernhard Hemmer, J. Archelos, H. Hartung. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2002

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Injection of adult neurospheres induces recovery in a chronic model of multiple sclerosis (2003, background): “gif" NDATA ITEM> ]> The permanent neurological impairment typical of chronic inflammatory demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system (CNS), such as multiple sclerosis, is due to the axonal loss resulting from recurrent episodes of immune-mediated demyelinatio”
BRAIN REGENERATION IN PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY: THE IMMUNE SIGNATURE DRIVING THERAPEUTIC PLASTICITY OF NEURAL STEM CELLS (2011, background): “In these disorders, a close interplay between environmental factors and susceptibility genes (91, 120) triggers a cascade of events that engage the immune system, resulting in acute inflammatory injury of axons and glia, accompanied by frank demyelination (114, 119, 232).”
Targeting phosphoinositide 3-kinase: moving towards therapy. (2008, background): “Other diseases, where PI3K inhibition has a therapeutic potential are: i) psoriasis, in which T-cells, neutrophils, and macrophages are implicated [120,121], and ii) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is mainly driven by macrophages, but also requires T-cells and neutrophils [122,12”