Barriers to Exit

By Alberto Chong, Gianmarco León. 2006

182 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Unlike previous empirical studies that focus on barriers to entry in international trade, we focus on barriers to exit as measured by passport costs for a cross-section of countries. We test four common theories on the determinants of such exit barriers and find that macroeconomic and brain-drain explanations do explain high barriers to exit. However, institutional and cultural hypotheses do not appear to be empirically robust explanations of such high barriers. Our findings hold when applying instrumental variables, changes in specification, and changes in cross-country periods.

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c645044d56f922d52a92f741f5c2303158d8b752

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The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

1. J. Manda
2. Elena Cefis
3. A. Alene
4. Orietta Marsili
5. C. Gardebroek
6. M. Kassie
7. G. Tembo
8. Thomas Molony

Citations in the corpus

• Adoption and Impacts of Sustainable Agricultural Practices on Maize Yields and Incomes: Evidence from Rural Zambia (2016, background): “Previous studies have shown that social capital plays a vital role in the adoption of agricultural innovations (e.g. Narayan and Pritchett, 1999; Isham, 2002).”
• Competitive Advantage Revisited: Michael Porter on Strategy and Competitiveness (2007, unknown): “…loose from the tradition and the biases of the business policy group and it was during this period that I nailed the Competitive Strategy book and the body of research coming out of that (Porter, 1974, 1976a, 1979b; Porter & Caves, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1980; Porter et al., 1977; Porter et al., 1975).”
• Understanding the role of social capital in adoption decisions: An application to irrigation technology (2017, unknown): “These results are in line with the assertion of many authors that human capital and social capital are related to each other (Narayan and Pritchett, 1999; Chou, 2006; Kaasa, 2009; Spielman et al., 2008).”
• Social capital and sustainable development: Theories and concepts (2005, unknown): “Narayan and Pritchett (1999) also provide an illustration of the link between social capital and sustainable development.”
• Born to flip. Exit decisions of entrepreneurial firms in high-tech and low-tech industries (2011, background): “…firm, will be easier than the decision of a firm founder to dissolve the company: managers have higher opportunity costs (better alternatives if the unit closes down) and can more easily reallocate resources, especially employees, to other units (Audretsch and Mahmood 1994; Caves and Porter 1976).”
• Firm exit after distress: differentiating between bankruptcy, voluntary liquidation and M&A (2011, unknown): “In a situation of underperformance, a voluntary liquidation or dissolution becomes hence more appealing when the firm’s owners, who have a residual claim over the assets and resources, notice interesting alternative uses for these resources and when the assets can be liquidated for a high value (Cav”
• International Remittances and Income Inequality: An Empirical Investigation (2006, unknown): “Chong and León (2006) show that the determinants of the barriers to exit a country (as proxied by the cost of obtaining a passport) do not vary with time.”
• ‘I Don’t Trust the Phone; It Always Lies’ (2007, background): “…for this reason, and also because the empirical analysis of some of the much-quoted studies of social capital have been called into question (e.g., Narayan & Pritchett 1997; Durlauf 2002) that, as a concept of analysis, I would argue that at times it is useful to completely disassociate trust…”