Elevated plasma ghrelin levels in Prader–Willi syndrome

By D. Cummings, Karine Clément, J. Purnell, C. Vaisse, Karen E Foster, R. S. Frayo, M. Schwartz, A. Basdevant, D. Weigle. Nature Medicine, 2002

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Biological, physiological, pathophysiological, and pharmacological aspects of ghrelin. (2004, background): “It is conceivable that initial trials may include obese PWS patients (402).”
Pediatric Obesity-Assessment, Treatment, and Prevention: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. (2017, neutral): “Plasma ghrelin levels are markedly elevated in children, adolescents, and adults with Prader-Willi syndrome, although the physiological relevance of this finding is unknown (89).”
Dietary fructose reduces circulating insulin and leptin, attenuates postprandial suppression of ghrelin, and increases triglycerides in women. (2004, methodology): “Peak values of the active form of GLP-1, GLP-1(7-36), after meals did not differ between HFr and HGl days; however, GLP-1(7-36) levels remained elevated for a longer period (up to 120 min) after HFr than after HGl meals (Fig.”
Dietary fructose: implications for dysregulation of energy homeostasis and lipid/carbohydrate metabolism. (2005, background): “In contrast, circulating ghrelin concentrations are markedly elevated in Prader-Willi syndrome, a genetic disorder characterized by marked hyperphagia and obesity.(196,197) Plasma ghrelin concentrations decrease shortly after ingestion of a meal and remain suppressed for 2 to 3 hours thereafter.”