A review of belowground interactions in agroforestry, focussing on mechanisms and management options

By G. Schroth. Agroforestry Systems, 2004

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Trees improve water storage and reduce soil evaporation in agroforestry systems on bench terraces in SW Uganda (2012, background): “Schroth (1999) suggested two options, selection of trees with characteristics that encourage complementarity and management interventions that limit competition.”
Interspecific interactions in temperate agroforestry (2004, background): “Plants also exploit plasticity to avoid competition (Ong et al. 1996; Schroth 1999).”
Intercropping with legume for agroecological cropping systems: Complementarity and facilitation processes and the importance of soil microorganisms. A review (2017, background): “The spatial segregation of different root systems is also frequently reported in agroforestry where plants exploit root plasticity to avoid excessive root competition and to explore different regions of the soil (Schroth, 1998).”
Nutrient acquisition strategies in agroforestry systems (2019, background): “Yet, in these cases, spatial and temporal overlap in roots may not signal simple competition between plants (see Schroth 1999).”
Root competition: beyond resource depletion (2006, background): “1999) and of root competition in forests and woodlands (Nambiar & Sands 1993; Coomes & Grubb 1998), agroforestry systems (Schroth 1999), and arid and semi-arid environments (Fowler 1986).”