Roads towards fault-tolerant universal quantum computation

By Earl T. Campbell, Barbara M. Terhal, Christophe Vuillot. Nature, 2016

691 citations recorded by the source corpus.

A practical quantum computer must not merely store information, but also process it. To prevent errors introduced by noise from multiplying and spreading, a fault-tolerant computational architecture is required. Current experiments are taking the first steps toward noise-resilient logical qubits. But to convert these quantum devices from memories to processors, it is necessary to specify how a universal set of gates is performed on them. The leading proposals for doing so, such as magic-state distillation and colour-code techniques, have high resource demands. Alternative schemes, such as those that use high-dimensional quantum codes in a modular architecture, have potential benefits, but need to be explored further.

Subfields: Artificial Intelligence, Computational Theory and Mathematics

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c21317f18285ad73507d9a67c4d1686f31fdcc24

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Citations in the corpus

Fundamental limits of quantum error mitigation (2021, background): “NISQ devices often lack the capability to adaptively execute different quantum operations depending on measurement outcomes during a computation — an essential component necessary for general quantum error correction [3, 4].”
Qubits made by advanced semiconductor manufacturing (2021, methodology): “a, High-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy image (HAADF-STEM) of a SiMOS device from [1], fabricated at Delft University of Technology, using electron beam lithography and lift-off techniques.”
A Game of Surface Codes: Large-Scale Quantum Computing with Lattice Surgery (2018, methodology): “In order to store and manipulate quantum information on large time scales, it is necessary to actively correct errors by combining many physical qubits into logical qubits using a quantum error-correcting code [3–5].”
Quantum Computing for Finance: State-of-the-Art and Future Prospects (2020, methodology): “An example of a task for which Quantum Advantage has been proven was introduced in [4] This is also a step on the way to the development of fault-tolerant universal quantum computers (FTQCs), which require error correction [17]–[19] and which will allow for arbitrary quantum algorithms backed by the”
Blueprint for a Scalable Photonic Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computer (2020, background): “If physical qubits of sufficient quality are available and if sufficiently precise operations and measurements can be performed on these qubits such that the noise strength remains below the threshold of the specific code used, then the logical quantum circuit can, in principle, be applied with arbi”
Coherent Conversion Between Microwave and Optical Photons—An Overview of Physical Implementations (2019, neutral): “Although error correcting quantum algorithms exist [21, 22], they typically require an error rate less than 1% [23] with the precise figure depending on”
Quantum error correction: an introductory guide (2019, background): “In fact, it is currently estimated that a fault-tolerant surface code quantum computer with the ability to outperform a classical device for a useful task will require over a million qubits in total [34,78].”
Dynamical decoupling for superconducting qubits: A performance survey (2022, background): “…era, quantum computing research has two main near-term goals: to examine the promise of quantum computers via demonstrations of quantum algorithms [1–3] and to understand how quantum error correction and other noise mitigation methods can pave a path towards fault-tolerant quantum computers [4, 5].”