Ultra-Processed Diets Cause Excess Calorie Intake and Weight Gain: An Inpatient Randomized Controlled Trial of Ad Libitum Food Intake.
By Kevin D. Hall, Alexis Ayuketah, R. Brychta, H. Cai, Thomas M Cassimatis, Kong Y. Chen, S. Chung, Elise Costa, A. Courville, Valerie L. Darcey and 15 more. Cell Metabolism, 2020
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We investigated whether ultra-processed foods affect energy intake in 20 weight-stable adults, aged (mean ± SE) 31.2 ± 1.6 years and BMI = 27 ± 1.5 kg/m2. Subjects were admitted to the NIH Clinical Center and randomized to receive either ultra-processed or unprocessed diets for 2 weeks immediately followed by the alternate diet for 2 weeks. Meals were designed to be matched for presented calories, energy density, macronutrients, sugar, sodium, and fiber. Subjects were instructed to consume as much or as little as desired. Energy intake was greater during the ultra-processed diet (508 ± 106 kcal/day; p = 0.0001), with increased consumption of carbohydrate (280 ± 54 kcal/day; p < 0.0001) and fat (230 ± 53 kcal/day; p = 0.0004), but not protein (2 ± 12 kcal/ day; p = 0.85). Weight changes were highly correlated with energy intake (r = 0.8, p < 0.0001), with participants gaining 0.9 ± 0.3 kg (p = 0.009) during the ultra-processed diet and losing 0.9 ± 0.3 kg (p = 0.007) during the unprocessed diet. Limiting consumption of ultra-processed foods may be an effective strategy for obesity prevention and treatment.
Subfields: Genetics, Physiology, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/335ec405e522cc217cf2624956d465bd0e44e448
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Citations in the corpus
- Ultra-Processed Foods and Health Outcomes: A Narrative Review (2020, methodology): “However, the literature indicates that the effects of ultra-processing on a food’s physical structure and chemical composition is independent of and therefore in addition to the effects of ‘risk’ or ‘positive’ nutrients present in the food [67,83].”
- Considering Plant-Based Meat Substitutes and Cell-Based Meats: A Public Health and Food Systems Perspective (2020, background): “Furthermore, consumption of ultra-processed foods is associated with greater caloric intake and weight gain (Hall et al., 2019) and a range of adverse long-term health outcomes (Lawrence and Baker, 2019).”