Randomized controlled trial of intraputamenal glial cell line–derived neurotrophic factor infusion in Parkinson disease

By A. Lang, S. Gill, N. Patel, Andres M. Lozano, J. Nutt, R. Penn, D. Brooks, G. Hotton, E. Moro, P. Heywood and 15 more. Annals of Neurology, 2006

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GDNF, NGF and BDNF as therapeutic options for neurodegeneration. (2013, methodology): “Thirty-four patients were randomised to receive either bilateral infusions of GDNF into the putamen at a dose of 15 μg/putamen/day or placebo (Lang et al., 2006).”
Cell death in the nervous system (2006, background): “Glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has shown promise in the treatment of P”
The blood-brain barrier in health and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. (2008, neutral): “In a recent clinical trial, GDNF was administered directly into the putamen, which enhanced dopaminergic function in the immediate vicinity of the catheter tip, but generated no clinical improvement (Lang et al., 2006).”
Potential therapeutic uses of BDNF in neurological and psychiatric disorders (2011, background): “However, the high flow rates that were required to achieve the broadest distribution of the growth factor in the putamen resulted in abnormal MRI signals and potential tissue damag”
PLGA-based nanoparticles: an overview of biomedical applications. (2012, background): “After the good results observed with its direct infusion in phase I clinical trials for the Parkinson's disease [163–165], a phase II clinical trial was halted, at least in part, due to lack of efficacy probably because the protein did not reach the target area [166].”