PROBING THE DAWN OF GALAXIES AT z ∼ 9–12: NEW CONSTRAINTS FROM HUDF12/XDF AND CANDELS DATA

By P. Oesch, R. Bouwens, G. Illingworth, I. Labbé, M. Franx, P. V. van Dokkum, M. Trenti, M. Stiavelli, V. González, D. Magee. 2013

204 citations recorded by the source corpus.

We present a comprehensive analysis of z > 8 galaxies based on ultra-deep WFC3/IR data. We exploit all the WFC3/IR imaging over the Hubble Ultra-Deep Field from the HUDF09 and the new HUDF12 program, in addition to the HUDF09 parallel field data, as well as wider area imaging over GOODS-South. Galaxies are selected based on the Lyman break technique in three samples centered around z ∼ 9, z ∼ 10, and z ∼ 11, with seven z ∼ 9 galaxy candidates, and one each at z ∼ 10 and z ∼ 11. We confirm a new z ∼ 10 candidate (with z = 9.8 ± 0.6) that was not convincingly identified in our first z ∼ 10 sample. Using these candidates, we perform one of the first estimates of the z ∼ 9 UV luminosity function (LF) and improve our previous constraints at z ∼ 10. Extrapolating the lower redshift UV LF evolution should have revealed 17 z ∼ 9 and 9 z ∼ 10 sources, i.e., a factor ∼3 × and 9× larger than observed. The inferred star formation rate density (SFRD) in galaxies above 0.7 M☉ yr−1 decreases by 0.6 ± 0.2 dex from z ∼ 8 to z ∼ 9, in excellent agreement with previous estimates. From a combination of all current measurements, we find a best estimate of a factor 10× decrease in the SFRD from z ∼ 8 to z ∼ 10, following (1 + z)−11.4 ± 3.1. Our measurements thus confirm our previous finding of an accelerated evolution beyond z ∼ 8, and signify a very rapid build-up of galaxies with MUV < −17.7 mag within only ∼200 Myr from z ∼ 10 to z ∼ 8, in the heart of cosmic reionization.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c0984e4fee75690c569e9dd4f4976f611c1c9b12

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In Astronomy and Astrophysics

1. Richard S. Ellis
2. L. Hernquist
3. P. Hopkins
4. P. V. van Dokkum
5. M. Franx
6. R. Bouwens
7. P. Oesch
8. G. Illingworth

In Instrumentation

1. Richard S. Ellis
2. P. V. van Dokkum
3. M. Franx
4. R. Bouwens
5. P. Oesch
6. I. Labbé
7. G. Illingworth
8. J. Dunlop

Citations in the corpus

• UVUDF: ULTRAVIOLET THROUGH NEAR-INFRARED CATALOG AND PHOTOMETRIC REDSHIFTS OF GALAXIES IN THE HUBBLE ULTRA DEEP FIELD (2015, background): “While we find no new z & 8 galaxies, we do recover candidates out to z ∼ 8.3 and NIR mag ∼ 29 previously published in the UDF (Ellis et al. 2013; McLure et al. 2013; Schenker et al. 2013; Oesch et al. 2013).”
• UV LUMINOSITY FUNCTIONS AT REDSHIFTS z ∼ 4 TO z ∼ 10: 10,000 GALAXIES FROM HST LEGACY FIELDS (2014, background): “These parameters are also consistent with the 10× evolution in volume density that Oesch et al. (2013, 2014) find from z ∼ 10 to z ∼ 8.”
• The galaxy luminosity function at z ≃ 6 and evidence for rapid evolution in the bright end from z ≃ 7 to 5 (2014, methodology): “constraints on the LF have come primarily from a “weddingcake” like combination of HST surveys (McLure et al. 2013; Oesch et al. 2013; Bouwens et al. 2014; Finkelstein et al. 2014), with extremely deep, small area, surveys such as the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF, area = 4.5 arcmin2, typical…”
• The Dearth of z ∼ 10 Galaxies in All HST Legacy Fields—The Rapid Evolution of the Galaxy Population in the First 500 Myr (2017, unknown): “— (1) Oesch et al. (2013), (2) Bouwens et al. (2011a), (3) Oesch et al. (2014), (4) Oesch et al. (2016), (5) Bouwens et al. (2010), (6) Bouwens et al. (2016b) a This source has been spectroscopically confirmed to lie at z = 11.1 ± 0.1 by Oesch et al. (2016).”
• Cosmic Dawn (CoDa): the first radiation-hydrodynamics simulation of reionization and galaxy formation in the Local Universe (2015, result): “The latter are taken from Bouwens et al. (2015) and Finkelstein et al. (2015), which have been shown to be in broad agreement with a number of other studies including Oesch et al. (2013) and Bowler et al. (2015).”
• COSMIC REIONIZATION AND EARLY STAR-FORMING GALAXIES: A JOINT ANALYSIS OF NEW CONSTRAINTS FROM PLANCK AND THE HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE (2015, background): “As a direct census of z > 10 galaxies is not currently possible, studies have since focused on the rate of decline in abundance over 8 < z < 10 with mixed conclusions (c.f., Oesch et al. 2012, 2013; Ishigaki et al. 2015; McLeod et al. 2014).”
• The birth of a galaxy – III. Propelling reionization with the faintest galaxies (2014, methodology): “For comparison, we also plot the observed galaxy LFs and their fits from the HUDF galaxies at z ≤ 10 (Bouwens et al. 2011; Oesch et al. 2013).”
• Radiation Backgrounds at Cosmic Dawn: X-Rays from Compact Binaries (2016, background): “Though plagued by uncertainties, our extrapolated cosmic star formation history at z ∼> 10 does not consider the possibility of a rapidly declining SFR density in the 170 Myr from z ∼ 8 to z ∼ 10, as argued by Oesch et al. (2013, 2015).”
• REIONIZATION AFTER PLANCK: THE DERIVED GROWTH OF THE COSMIC IONIZING EMISSIVITY NOW MATCHES THE GROWTH OF THE GALAXY UV LUMINOSITY DENSITY (2015, methodology): “The greater depths of probes for z = 6–10 galaxies provided greater confidence that galaxies could provide the necessary reservoir of photons to reionize the universe (e.g., Bouwens et al. 2010, 2011, 2015 [B15]; Bunker et al. 2010; McLure et al. 2013; Oesch et al. 2010, 2013; Ellis et al. 2013).”
• HUBBLE FRONTIER FIELDS FIRST COMPLETE CLUSTER DATA: FAINT GALAXIES AT z ∼ 5–10 FOR UV LUMINOSITY FUNCTIONS AND COSMIC REIONIZATION (2014, methodology): “These criteria are similar to those defined by Oesch et al. (2013), but we slightly relax the criteria to include dropout candidates at z ∼ 9.5.”
• UV-CONTINUUM SLOPES OF >4000 z ∼ 4–8 GALAXIES FROM THE HUDF/XDF, HUDF09, ERS, CANDELS-SOUTH, AND CANDELS-NORTH FIELDS (2013, methodology): “Given that the majority of the z ∼ 9 candidates in the Oesch et al. (2013) and Ellis et al. (2013) samples have a S/N of ∼3-4 in individual bands, this leaves us with just two z ∼ 9 galaxy candidates that we can examine where our β measurements would be likely clean, i.e., XDFyj-38135540 and…”
• THE GRISM LENS-AMPLIFIED SURVEY FROM SPACE (GLASS). I. SURVEY OVERVIEW AND FIRST DATA RELEASE (2015, result): “This model is in excellent agreement with the actual number of LBGs detected in blank fields (e.g., Bradley et al. 2012; Oesch et al. 2013; Bouwens et al. 2014; Schmidt et al. 2014b).”
• New redshift z ≃ 9 galaxies in the Hubble Frontier Fields: implications for early evolution of the UV luminosity density (2014, background): “This conclusion contrasts somewhat with that reached by Oesch et al. (2013) who Table 2.”
• Reionization and the Cosmic Dawn with the Square Kilometre Array (2012, methodology): “Optical/near-infrared observations have been successful in detecting galaxies from redshifts as high as 8, or perhaps even 12 (Bouwens et al. 2010, 2011; Ellis et al. 2013; Oesch et al. 2013).”
• ALMA SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY IN THE HUBBLE ULTRA DEEP FIELD: THE INFRARED EXCESS OF UV-SELECTED z = 2–10 GALAXIES AS A FUNCTION OF UV-CONTINUUM SLOPE AND STELLAR MASS (2016, methodology): “…which is the limiting luminosity to which z ∼ 7 and z ∼ 10 galaxies can be found in current probes (Schenker et al. 2013; McLure et al. 2013; Ellis et al. 2013; Oesch et al. 2013; Bouwens et al. 2015). b We adopt Td = ((1+z)/2.5) 0.32(35K) for the evolution following Bethermin et al. (2015).”