Effect of Bt-toxin (Cry1Ac) in Transgenic Cotton on the Adult Longevity of Four Heteropteran Predators

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Long-Term Assessment of the Effects of Transgenic Bt Cotton on the Abundance of Nontarget Arthropod Natural Enemies (2005, unknown): “Ponsard et al. (2002) observed modest declines ( 27”
A Comparison of Arthropod Communities in Transgenic Bt and Conventional Cotton in Australia (2005, background): “Laboratory experiments have found no effect on the development, fecundity, or survival of damsel bugs when fed on Lepidoptera prey, Spodoptera exigua ( Ponsard et al. 2003 ) that had been fed on Bt or conventional cotton.”
Another View on Bt Proteins - How Specific are They and What Else Might They Do? (2006, background): “Moreover, Ponsard et al. (2002) found a reduction in longevity in two species of predatory bugs, Orius tristicolor and Geocoris tristicolor, when fed with caterpillars reared on Cry1Ac-expressing cotton plants (Table 4b).”
Transgenic crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis toxins and biological control (2006, background): “Even so, using susceptible prey does not always cause the expected effects on the predator”
Ecological compatibility of GM crops and biological control (2009, background): “Immature predator development was delayed and survival reduced by the GM plants in these studies, or adult longevity was reduced (Ponsard et al., 2002).”