A 20 mV Input Boost Converter With Efficient Digital Control for Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting

By E. Carlson, K. Strunz, B. Otis. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 2010

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A Portable 2-Transistor Picowatt Temperature-Compensated Voltage Reference Operating at 0.5 V (2012, background): “Also, this attribute can be useful to avoid power overhead and design complexity of voltage up-conversion in systems depending on only energy scavenging units, which often generate low output voltages [23].”
A Batteryless 19 $\mu$W MICS/ISM-Band Energy Harvesting Body Sensor Node SoC for ExG Applications (2013, methodology): “Previously reported start-up mechanisms use batteries and mechanical switches [11], [12], requiring bulky off-chip components.”
High Step-Up DC/DC Topology and MPPT Algorithm for Use With a Thermoelectric Generator (2013, methodology): “At present, commercially and readily available TEGs, from companies such as Kryotherm, Thermonamic, and Hi-Z technology, have power levels ranging from 0.5 to 20 W [5], [6].”
Review of Power Conditioning for Kinetic Energy Harvesting Systems (2012, background): “This option was investigated in [34], as part of the design of a switched-inductor converter that operates as a passive voltage doubler circuit when not actively driven, relying on the parasitic body-drain diode of the MOSFETs.”