Experimental studies on the shape and path of small air bubbles rising in clean water

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Three-dimensional fluorescent particle tracking at micron-scale using a single camera (2005, methodology): “The method has been proven successful in tracking particles >10 lm as well as rising air bubbles of a few millimeter in diameter (Willert and Gharib 1992; Wu and Gharib 2002 ).”
Bubbly and Buoyant Particle–Laden Turbulent Flows (2020, background): “…deformability effects, demonstrated that wake instability and anisotropic added-mass effects of oblate spheroids (Cano-Lozano et al. 2016; Mougin and Magnaudet 2006) are indeed sufficient to explain the experimentally observed path instabilities (Wu and Gharib 2002) of millimetric bubbles.”
Instabilities and transition of a sphere falling or ascending freely in a Newtonian fluid (2004, background): “With increasing Galileo numbers G, Wu & Gharib (2002) report a vertical straight trajectory at G =115, an oblique straight trajectory at G =159 and trajectories zigzagging vertically in the average in a vertical plane at G =185, 227 and 255.”
The effect of Reynolds number on the dynamics and wakes of freely rising and falling spheres (2010, background): “These apparently random motions are distinctly different from the nearly perfect spiralling paths of rising bubbles (Mougin & Magnaudet 2002; Wu & Gharib 2002).”