Mechanistic explanations how cell-mediated immune activation, inflammation and oxidative and nitrosative stress pathways and their sequels and concomitants play a role in the pathophysiology of…

By B. Leonard, Michael Maes. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 2012

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Inflammation: depression fans the flames and feasts on the heat. (2015, background): “Cytokines contribute to oxidative stress, which damages glial cells in mood-relevant brain regions, such as the prefrontal cortex and the amygdala (23).”
From Stress to Inflammation and Major Depressive Disorder: A Social Signal Transduction Theory of Depression (2014, positive): “…& Pariante, 2013; Dantzer, O’Connor, Freund, Johnson, & Kelley, 2008; Dantzer, O’Connor, Lawson, & Kelley, 2011; Debnath et al., 2011; Leonard, 2010; Leonard & Maes, 2012; Maes, Leonard, Myint, Kubera, & Verkerk, 2011; Messay, Lim, & Marsland, 2012; A. H. Miller, Maletic, & Raison, 2009; Raedler,…”
Impact of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on the Gut Microbiota (2017, background): “Furthermore, psychological disorders, such as MDD and ASD, are characterized by higher intestinal permeability, chronic low-grade inflammation [83], neurotransmitter signaling alteration, and Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction [84], leading to excessive”
So depression is an inflammatory disease, but where does the inflammation come from? (2013, positive): “Not only is depression present in acute illness [3, 4], but higher le v ls of inflammation appear to increase the risk for the development of de-novo depression [5].”