Cell wall properties and their effects on the mechanical properties of fibers

By A. Bergander, L. Salmén. 2002

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Nature’s hierarchical materials (2007, background): “concentric cellulose-rich and lignin-rich layers has been proposed for the S2-layer [35,43,44].”
Nanoindentation of wood cell walls: Continuous stiffness and hardness measurements (2007, methodology): “The laminate calculation requires input of elastic constant values of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, which had been estimated in different reports, some of which were compiled by Bergander and Salmén [15].”
Mechanics of balsa (Ochroma pyramidale) wood (2015, background): “In transverse compression, the stiffness and strength of wood are lower because the cellulose microfibrils, which are the main load-bearing elements in the cell wall, are predominantly oriented perpendicular to the loading direction (Bergander and Salmén 2002; Salmén and Burgert 2009).”
The hierarchical structure and mechanics of plant materials (2012, unknown): “Detailed models of the mechanical properties of the wood cell wall are available; see, for instance, Bergander and Salmen, 2002; Yamamoto et al., 2002; Fratzl et al., 2004; Hofstetter et al., 2005; Fratzl and Weinkamer, 2007; Neagu and Gamstedt, 2007; and Bader et al., 2011.”