Nature’s hierarchical materials

By P. Fratzl, Richard Weinkamer. 2007

2,648 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Abstract Many biological tissues, such as wood and bone, are fiber composites with a hierarchical structure. Their exceptional mechanical properties are believed to be due to a functional adaptation of the structure at all levels of hierarchy. This article reviews the basic principles involved in designing hierarchical biological materials, such as cellular and composite architectures, adapative growth and as well as remodeling. Some examples that are found to utilize these strategies include wood, bone, tendon, and glass sponges – all of which are discussed.

Subfields: Biomaterials, Biomedical Engineering, Cell Biology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/33f06a90ce5ac2422620517c7b819c0157d51247

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In Biomaterials

In Biomedical Engineering

In Cell Biology

Citations in the corpus

The hierarchical structure and mechanics of plant materials (2012, positive): “Detailed models of the mechanical properties of the wood cell wall are available; see, for instance, Bergander and Salmen, 2002; Yamamoto et al., 2002; Fratzl et al., 2004; Hofstetter et al., 2005; Fratzl and Weinkamer, 2007; Neagu and Gamstedt, 2007; and Bader et al., 2011.”