The role of short-chain fatty acids in the interplay between diet, gut microbiota, and host energy metabolism

By G. den Besten, K. van Eunen, Albert K. Groen, K. Venema, D. Reijngoud, Barbara M. Bakker. Journal of Lipid Research, 2013

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Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the end products of fermentation of dietary fibers by the anaerobic intestinal microbiota, have been shown to exert multiple beneficial effects on mammalian energy metabolism. The mechanisms underlying these effects are the subject of intensive research and encompass the complex interplay between diet, gut microbiota, and host energy metabolism. This review summarizes the role of SCFAs in host energy metabolism, starting from the production by the gut microbiota to the uptake by the host and ending with the effects on host metabolism. There are interesting leads on the underlying molecular mechanisms, but there are also many apparently contradictory results. A coherent understanding of the multilevel network in which SCFAs exert their effects is hampered by the lack of quantitative data on actual fluxes of SCFAs and metabolic processes regulated by SCFAs. In this review we address questions that, when answered, will bring us a great step forward in elucidating the role of SCFAs in mammalian energy metabolism.

Subfields: Molecular Biology, Physiology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bc9a3f08d03a3bfbcf38c88da752ee604844ddfe

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Citations in the corpus

Dietary Fiber Confers Protection against Flu by Shaping Ly6c− Patrolling Monocyte Hematopoiesis and CD8+ T Cell Metabolism (2018, background): “…and adipose tissue (den Besten et al., 2013) via FFAR3 and FFAR2, by increasing AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity (Blad et al., 2012; den Besten et al., 2013; Hu et al., 2010) or by directly acting as a substrate for fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and gluconeogenesis (Blad et al., 2012; den…”
Lipotoxicity and the gut-liver axis in NASH pathogenesis. (2018, background): “The two best studied incretins, GIP and GLP-1, exert their insulinotropic actions through distinct G-proteincoupled receptors highly expressed on islet beta-cells The GLP-1 receptors (GLP-1R) are also widely expressed in non-islet cells such as kidney, intestinal smooth muscle, brain, adipose tissue”
Short chain fatty acids and its producing organisms: An overlooked therapy for IBD? (2021, background): “The transport mechanisms for SCFAs from the blood to different tissue types is still largely unknown [12].”
Beneficial effects on host energy metabolism of short-chain fatty acids and vitamins produced by commensal and probiotic bacteria (2017, background): “SCFAs have been pointed out as the link between diet, gut microbiota, and host energy metabolism [19].”
The role of short-chain fatty acids in the interplay between gut microbiota and diet in cardio-metabolic health (2021, background): “SCFAs might protect against CMD as they are able, for instance, to decrease plasma cholesterol and glucose levels and increase fatty acid oxidation.(17) Likewise, the type of diet can modulate SCFA production and/or abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria.”
The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes Ratio: A Relevant Marker of Gut Dysbiosis in Obese Patients? (2020, background): “Butyrate is considered a health-promoting molecule due to its capacity to [37] increase insulin sensitivity [38], exert anti-inflammatory activities [39], regulate energy metabolism, and increase leptin gene expression [40].”
Colonocyte metabolism shapes the gut microbiota (2018, background): “Specifically, complex dietary carbohydrates (fiber) are broken down by the colonic microbiota into fermentation products that are absorbed by the host (6) and contribute to host nutrition (7), immune development (8–11), and niche protection against enteric pathogens (12).”