Assessing and comparing influencing factors of residual stresses in selective laser melting using a novel analysis method

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Tailoring residual stress profile of Selective Laser Melted parts by Laser Shock Peening (2017, methodology): “build plate heating; reheating of the melt pool) is commonly used [15,22].”
Simulation of metallic powder bed additive manufacturing processes with the finite element method: A critical review (2017, methodology): “Thermal stresses are created when part or all of the volume of a body is not free to expand or contract in response to temperature changes.(81) In order to numerically predict the residual stresses and distortion in parts manufactured by AM processes, a mechanical simulation, is performed using as t”
Differences in microstructure and properties between selective laser melting and traditional manufacturing for fabrication of metal parts: A review (2015, background): “First, given the Gaussian distribution of laser energy along the horizontal direction, high temperature gradient (thousands of degrees Celsius per mm) can occur in the laser effect area, while non-uniform deformation is formed in the following cooling procedure, thereby causing residual stress [35].”
An overview of powder granulometry on feedstock and part performance in the selective laser melting process (2017, background): “Figure 4: (left) Temperature Gradient Mechanism (right) Cool-down phase [39]”