Simulation of metallic powder bed additive manufacturing processes with the finite element method: A critical review

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Finite Element Modelling of Wire-arc-additive-manufacturing Process (2016, methodology): “Process simulation is a powerful tool to tackle such issues, allowing to test the effect of different deposition patterns on residual stresses field, optimizing the process[6].”
On utilizing topology optimization to design support structure to prevent residual stress induced build failure in laser powder bed metal additive manufacturing (2019, methodology): “The accuracy of such detailed simulation method has been verified for prediction of temperature and deformation fields, as well as grain growth [33-37].”
An overview of powder granulometry on feedstock and part performance in the selective laser melting process (2017, methodology): “Other techniques including Lattice Boltzmann (LBM) and Finite Volume Method (FVM) were more focused on powder particle evolution of the powder bed, taking into account the melt pool hydrodynamics during laser irradiation [131].”
Laser powder-bed fusion additive manufacturing: Physics of complex melt flow and formation mechanisms of pores, spatter, and denudation zones (2015, methodology): “16 approaches have also been adopted when developing L-PBF models [5].”