Honest Threats

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Reputation and Status as Motives for War (2014, background): “Guisinger & Smith (2002), McGillivray & Smith (2008), and others demonstrate the existence and benefits of leader-specific reputations.”
Autocratic Audience Costs: Regime Type and Signaling Resolve (2008, background): “…be the case+ Therefore, the second key precondition for audience costs is likely to be present not only in democracies but also in autocratic regimes+ 20+ Linz and Stepan 1996, 190–94+ 21+ See Fearon 1994; McGillivray and Smith 2000; and Guisinger and Smith 2002+ 22+ Smith 1998+ 23+ Tomz 2007+”
Domestic Audience Costs in International Relations: An Experimental Approach (2007, background): “…of the literature on accountability and audience costs in democracies and autocracies, see Weeks forthcoming+ 6+ See, for example, Fearon 1994; Guisinger and Smith 2002; and Smith 1998+ 7+ Brody 1994, 210+ 8+ Gowa 1999, 26+ See also Desch 2002, 29–32; Ramsay 2004; Schultz 1999, 237; and…”
Authoritarian Signaling, Mass Audiences, and Nationalist Protest in China (2013, background): “…crackdown on public freedoms in that period+”27 By nipping protests in the bud, autocrats convey their willingness to 25+ See Smith 1998; Schultz 1999; Guisinger and Smith 2002; Sartori 2002; Slantchev 2006; Snyder and Borghard 2011; Downes and Sechser 2012; and Debs and Weiss 2012+ 26+ Although…”