Disease and disadvantage in the United States and in England.

By J. Banks, Michael Marmot, Zoé Oldfield, James P. Smith. Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), 2006

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Income Inequality and Social Dysfunction (2009, background): “F or p er so na l u se o nl y. ANRV381-SO35-23 ARI 5 June 2009 9:34 5 0 10 15 In fa nt d ea th s pe r 1 00 0 England and Wales Sweden Single mothers Father's social class Low High Figure 8 Infant mortality by occupational class of father in Sweden compared with England and Wales.”
Identity‐Based Motivation: Implications for Health and Health Disparities (2014, background): “…poorer health outcomes are found for individuals who have low socioeconomic position (Banks, Marmot, Oldfield, & Smith, 2006), live in a socially stratified society (Banks et al., 2006), are socially isolated (House, Landis, & Umberson, 1988), and lack social relationships (House et al., 1988).”
Cohort Profile: the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). (2014, positive): “Another study found those aged 55–64 in the USA to be in poorer health compared with their English counterparts.(28) Many HRS health studies focus on topics that have the potential to inform medical practice.”
Measures of social deprivation that predict health care access and need within a rational area of primary care service delivery. (2013, background): “…measures of ©Health Research and Educational Trust DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-6773.2012.01449.x RESEARCHARTICLE 539 Health Services Research the social determinants of health to guide allocation of health resources is supported by an international consensus and substantial research (Banks et al. 2006).”