New world record efficiency for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin‐film solar cells beyond 20%

By P. Jackson, D. Hariskos, E. Lotter, S. Paetel, R. Wuerz, R. Menner, W. Wischmann, M. Powalla. 2011

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Review of progress toward 20% efficiency flexible CIGS solar cells and manufacturing issues of solar modules (2012, background): “3% reported in 2011 for a CIGS cell deposited on a rigid glass substrate has closed the gap with the state-of-the-art polycrystalline Si wafer-based technology [4].”
Solar cell efficiency tables (version 43) (2014, methodology): “An additional new result in Table III is an increase to 20.8% efficiency for a small-area 0.5-cm2 CIGS cell fabricated by the Zentrum für Sonnenenergie- und Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden-Württemberg [14] and measured by the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems.”
Solution‐processed Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 absorber yielding a 15.2% efficient solar cell (2013, methodology): “The highest performance thin-film chalcogenide PVmaterials are currently the chalcopyrite-type Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 (CIGS) compositions, reaching power conversion efficiencies of above 20% in test cells fabricated by co-evaporation [3,4].”
Solar cell efficiency tables (version 39) (2012, background): “5 FhG-ISE (6/10) ZSW Stuttgart, CIGS on glass [42]”