Laboratory and field investigations of salmon lice [Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer)] infestation on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) post‐smolts

By B. Finstad, P. Bjørn, A. Grimnes, N. A. Hvidsten. 2000

196 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Hatchery-reared 1-year-old Atlantic salmon post-smolts (Salmo salar L.), artificially infected with salmon lice [Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Kroyer)] copepodids, were found to suffer from primary alterations (increased cortisol levels) at early lice stages. Secondary alterations, such as osmotic stress (increased chloride levels), first occurred after the preadult stages of the lice appeared. Fish with the highest salmon lice infections died throughout the experiment. Seven years of field investigation of Trondheimsfjorden showed that Atlantic salmon post-smolts descending coastal waters can become heavily infected with salmon lice. The migrating post-smolts were only infected with the chalimus stages, showing that the fish had only recently left the rivers. The infection level, however, varied considerably between the years, and, in 1998, the infection was higher than previous years. The experimental results have been combined with the field data to appraise the consequences of the infection.

Subfields: Ecology, Parasitology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ba0f35fb6a30d8138246a76a33cd799984c9b9d1

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Citations in the corpus

A Review of the Impact of Parasitic Copepods on Marine Aquaculture (2004, background): “It is well recognized that poorly smolted or otherwise unhealthy salmonids are more susceptible to infection by L. salmonis (cf. Grimnes and Jakobsen 1996, Finstad et al. 2000).”
Salmon lice infection on wild salmonids in marine protected areas: an evaluation of the Norwegian 'National Salmon Fjords' (2014, methodology): “Based on a number of studies undertaken both in Norway (Grimnes & Jakobsen 1996, Bjørn & Finstad 1997, Finstad et al. 2000, 2011, Bjørn et al. 2001, Holst et al. 2003, Wagner et al. 2003, 2008, Tveiten et al. 2010, Finstad & Bjørn 2011) and in other countries (Nolan et al. 1999, Johnson & Fast…”
Vertical salmon lice behaviour as a response to environmental conditions and its influence on regional dispersion in a fjord system (2014, background): “The abundance of sal - mon lice along the Norwegian coast has increased due to farm activity, with negative effects on wild stocks of salmon and sea trout (Mo & Heuch 1998, Finstad et al. 2000, Bjorn et al. 2001, Heuch et al. 2009).”
The Cost of Lice: Quantifying the Impacts of Parasitic Sea Lice on Farmed Salmon (2017, background): “…literature on the transmission dynamics of farm-to-wild salmon lice spillover (Krkosek, Lewis, and Volpe 2005; Price et al. 2011) and the subsequent ecological effects on wild salmonids (Krkosek and Hilborn 2011; Costello 2009; Bjørn, Finstad, and Kristoffersen 2001; Finstad et al. 2000).”
Risk assessment for metazoan parasites of yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi (Perciformes: Carangidae) in South Australian sea-cage aquaculture (2007, background): “Severe ectoparasitic copepod infestations in aquaculture have been associated with mortalities through host osmoregulatory failure, anaemia, ulcerations or through facilitating secondary infections (Finstad et al., 2000).”
Population dynamics of salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis on Atlantic salmon and sea trout (2005, methodology): “For the studies by Grimnes & Jakobsen (1996) and Finstad et al. (2000), we estimated the shape and rate parameters of the gamma distribution from the mean ( 2NCH.(0)) and variance in infection intensities at the first sample event, b = 2NCH.(0)/[var(NCH.(0)) – 2NCH.(0)] and a = b 2NCH.(0).”
Disentangling the role of sea lice on the marine survival of Atlantic salmon (2018, background): “Even before that, large numbers of chalimus stages on the fins can cause severe tissue damage, and the so-called “mobile” preadult and adult life cycle stages of sea lice generally inflict more severe tissue damage than the earlier attached stages (Finstad et al., 2000).”
Salmon Welfare Index Model (SWIM 1.0): a semantic model for overall welfare assessment of caged Atlantic salmon: review of the selected welfare indicators and model presentation (2013, background): “Since a wild smolt leaving the coast has a weight of about 15 g (Finstad et al. 2000) or surface area (including fins) of 95 cm)2 (Tucker et al. 2002: fish surface area (cm2) = 0.6131*fish weight (g) + 86.144), this implies an upper limit of 0.12 lice cm)2 fish.”
A review of the biology and genetics of sea lice (2006, background): “Skin abrasions followed by osmotic problems and secondary infections have also been reported (Nolan et al., 1999; Pike and Wadsworth, 1999; Bowers et al., 2000; Finstad et al., 2000; Tully and Nolan, 2002; Heuch et al., 2005).”
Relationships between the frequency of farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in wild salmon populations and fish farming activity in Norway, 1989–2004 (2006, background): “Another reason is to reduce the risk of pathogens and parasites spreading from farmed to wild salmon populations (Finstad et al., 2000; Bjørn and Finstad, 2002).”
Development of the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis parasitic stages in temperatures ranging from 3 to 24°C (2019, background): “…data (Johannessen 1977, Wootten et al. 1982, Johnson & Albright 1991a, Johnson 1993, Ritchie 1993, Grimnes & Jakobsen 1996, Grimnes et al. 1996, Dawson et al. 1997, 1998, 1999, Bjorn & Finstad 1998, Boxaspen & Naess 2000, Finstad et al. 2000, Heuch et al. 2000, Tucker et al. 2000a,b, 2002).”
Risk assessment of the environmental impact of Norwegian Atlantic salmon farming (2015, background): “A range of laboratory studies demonstrate the impact of salmon lice on salmon post-smolts (Grimnes and Jakobsen, 1996; Finstad et al., 2000, 2010; Heuch et al., 2005; Wagner et al., 2008).”
Production, mortality, and infectivity of planktonic larval sea lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer, 1837): current knowledge and implications for epidemiological modelling (2018, background): “In addition, positioning close to a halocline may increase the chance of encountering a host, as salmon have been observed to follow salinity gradients (Lyse et al., 1998; Finstad et al., 2000).”