Lorentz-Violating Vector Fields Slow the Universe Down

By S. Carroll, Eugene A. Lim. 2004

307 citations recorded by the source corpus.

We consider the gravitational effects of a single, fixed-norm, Lorentz-violating timelike vector field. In a cosmological background, such a vector field acts to rescale the effective value of Newton's constant. The energy density of this vector field precisely tracks the energy density of the rest of the universe, but with the opposite sign, so that the universe experiences a slower rate of expansion for a given matter content. This vector field similarly rescales Newton's constant in the Newtonian limit, although by a different factor. We put constraints on the parameters of the theory using the predictions of primordial nucleosynthesis, demonstrating that the norm of the vector field should be less than the Planck scale by an order of magnitude or more.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b698febf84563534eb62390c20c9dbae55744e55

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Astronomy and Astrophysics

In Nuclear and High Energy Physics

In Statistical and Nonlinear Physics

Citations in the corpus

Modified Gravity and Cosmology (2011, background): “Let us now consider a few special cases: If n = 1/2, the Friedmann equations are unchanged ( = 0) and there is no effect on the background cosmology; with n = 1 we have that = γα/2 and Newton’s constant is rescaled by a factor of 1/(1 + ) [257]; if n = 0 we recover a cosmological constant, Λ ' sign(”
Shadows and deflection angle of charged and slowly rotating black holes in Einstein-Æther theory (2019, background): “The four coupling constants ci ’ s are all dimensionless, and Gæ is related to the Newtonian constant GN via the relation [51],”
Effective field theory of dark energy: A review (2019, methodology): “The latter is several orders of magnitude better than the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis bound [260].”
Modern Tests of Lorentz Invariance (2005, methodology): “A simple low energy method to limit the coefficients in the aether model (49) that is less fraught with ambiguities has been explored by Carroll and Lim [76].”
Constraining the New Aether: gravitational Cherenkov radiation (2005, background): “Presumably this is because, wh¡ile previous studies of this theory [12, 13, 16, 15] have generally been based on considering it as a classical theory, our treatment takes the theory to be valid”
Zoology of condensed matter: framids, ordinary stuff, extra-ordinary stuff (2015, methodology): “9), it is easy to show that Tμν is symmetric and equivalent to that obtained in [59, 60] with the method of Lagrange multipliers.”
Dust of dark energy (2010, background): “It is natural, for example, to consider Lorentz violation in this framework in analogy to Einstein aether theories [29–31].”
Post-Newtonian parameters and constraints on Einstein-aether theory (2005, background): “It must therefore be a linear combination of the Einstein tensor Gab and a tensor constructed with the spatial curvature scalar ((3))R, which turns out to be [7, 11]: T aether ab = − c13 + 3c2 2 [ Gab − 1 6 ((3))R(gab + 2uaub) ]”
Black holes in Einstein-aether and Hořava-Lifshitz gravity (2011, background): “One consequence of this is that the constant Gæ is related to Newton’s constant, as defined in the Newtonian limit, by [25]”