Zoology of condensed matter: framids, ordinary stuff, extra-ordinary stuff

By Alberto Nicolis, R. Penco, F. Piazza, R. Rattazzi. 2015

188 citations recorded by the source corpus.

A bstractWe classify condensed matter systems in terms of the spacetime symmetries they spontaneously break. In particular, we characterize condensed matter itself as any state in a Poincaré-invariant theory that spontaneously breaks Lorentz boosts while preserving at large distances some form of spatial translations, time-translations, and possibly spatial rotations. Surprisingly, the simplest, most minimal system achieving this symmetry breaking pattern — the framid — does not seem to be realized in Nature. Instead, Nature usually adopts a more cumbersome strategy: that of introducing internal translational symmetries — and possibly rotational ones — and of spontaneously breaking them along with their space-time counterparts, while preserving unbroken diagonal subgroups. This symmetry breaking pattern describes the infrared dynamics of ordinary solids, fluids, superfluids, and — if they exist — supersolids. A third, “extra-ordinary”, possibility involves replacing these internal symmetries with other symmetries that do not commute with the Poincaré group, for instance the galileon symmetry, supersymmetry or gauge symmetries. Among these options, we pick the systems based on the galileon symmetry, the “galileids”, for a more detailed study. Despite some similarity, all different patterns produce truly distinct physical systems with different observable properties. For instance, the low-energy 2 → 2 scattering amplitudes for the Goldstone excitations in the cases of framids, solids and galileids scale respectively as E2, E4, and E6. Similarly the energy momentum tensor in the ground state is “trivial” for framids (ρ + p = 0), normal for solids (ρ + p > 0) and even inhomogenous for galileids.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bc9be5dca60fd092ae418902810c0976ed457d43

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Citations in the corpus

Solid holography and massive gravity (2015, background): “In the context of effective field theories of solids and fluids (see [17, 18] and references therein), the Lagrangian is invariant under rigid rotations and volume preserving diffeomorphisms of the scalar fields, respectively [19].”
An introduction to spontaneous symmetry breaking (2019, background): “to Galilean and Lorentz boosts. A good treatment can be found in Ref. [2]. The implications of the fact that Galilean boosts are broken by any form of matter, have been understood only quite recently [3], and is beyond the scope of these notes, which is why we will restrict ourselves to symmetries t”
Building a boostless bootstrap for the bispectrum (2020, background): “udes and the corresponding correlators are local in the sense dened in Rule 5. Further interesting models of non-manifest locality arise in several of the possible ways in which boosts can be broken [101]. Furthermore, saturating locality constraints should be related to the existence of interacting”