Interferon-inducible antiviral effectors

By A. Sadler, Bryan R. G. Williams. Nature reviews. Immunology, 2008

2,199 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Since the discovery of interferons (IFNs), considerable progress has been made in describing the nature of the cytokines themselves, the signalling components that direct the cell response and their antiviral activities. Gene targeting studies have distinguished four main effector pathways of the IFN-mediated antiviral response: the Mx GTPase pathway, the 2′,5′-oligoadenylate-synthetase-directed ribonuclease L pathway, the protein kinase R pathway and the ISG15 ubiquitin-like pathway. As discussed in this Review, these effector pathways individually block viral transcription, degrade viral RNA, inhibit translation and modify protein function to control all steps of viral replication. Ongoing research continues to expose additional activities for these effector proteins and has revealed unanticipated functions of the antiviral response.

Subfields: Immunology, Oncology, Rheumatology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b5c53818020b476700397e654f1bebff275ffcf5

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Citations in the corpus

• Viral evasion and subversion of pattern-recognition receptor signalling (2008, background): “The importance of type I IFNs in directing the antiviral response has been characterized in detail 1 and validated in vivo.”
• Autophagy, Immunity, and Microbial Adaptations (2009, background): “…families of viruses that have already been shown to inhibit PKR/eIF2α kinase signaling or to activate mTOR signaling (reviewed in Cooray, 2004 and Sadler and Williams, 2008), it seems likely that suppression of host autophagy induction signaling pathways will be a fairly universal feature of…”
• Sequence-Specific Modifications Enhance the Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Response Activated by RIG-I Agonists (2015, background): “A secondary response is induced by IFN binding to the type I IFN receptors (IFN- / R), which activate the JAK-STAT pathway and induce interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) and the antiviral immune response (24, 25).”
• Why do viruses cause cancer? Highlights of the first century of human tumour virology (2010, background): “The dual nature of innate immune signalling in antivirus and anticancer functions is illustrated by interferon regulatory factors (IRFs), a family of induced and immediate-early transcription factors that regulate interferon transcriptional response”