Insulin resistance and the polycystic ovary syndrome revisited: an update on mechanisms and implications.

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Pathophysiology of diabetes: An overview (2020, background): “This syndrome is associated with menstruation disorders (primary amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea) and specific forms of polycystic ovarian syndrome characterized by hirsutism due to hyperandrogenism and multiple enlarged cysts on the ovaries, in females[98]; also, acanthosis nigricans, a skin pigmentat”
Trends in insulin resistance: insights into mechanisms and therapeutic strategy (2022, background): “Specifically, IR leads to compensatory hyperinsulinemia, which stimulates GnRH gene transcription through MAPK pathway in PCOS and increases LH pulse secretion, thereby significantly increasing ovarian androgen synthesis.(12,332) In addition to directly interfering with insulin signaling, androgens ”