First detection of strains of Varroa destructor resistant to coumaphos. Results of laboratory tests and field trials

By M. Spreafico, F. R. Eördegh, I. Bernardinelli, M. Colombo. 2001

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Acute toxicity of essential oils and other natural compounds to the parasitic mite, Varroa destructor, and to larval and adult worker honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) (2009, background): “Resistance to coumaphos has also been reported (Spreafico et al., 2001; Elzen and Westervelt, 2002; Pettis, 2004).”
First report of Varroa destructor resistance to pyrethroids in the UK (2002, background): “…been reported for coumaphos in Italy (Abed and Ducos * Correspondence and reprints E-mail: H.Thompson@csl.gov.uk de Lahitte, 1993; Milani and Della Vedoiva, 1996; Spreafico et al., 2001) and amitraz in the former Yugoslavia after only 4 years of use (Dujin et al., 1991 as cited by Milani, 1999).”
Quo vadis Aethina tumida? Biology and control of small hive beetles (2016, background): “Resistant SHB strains may develop as in the case of V. destructor mites (Spreafico et al. 2001) (b) Between top bar frames Small containers (usually filled with oil), which lids have openings that allow SHB to enter are placed on top of the frames, e.g. Beetle Eater TM with oil (Bernier et al.…”