First report of Varroa destructor resistance to pyrethroids in the UK

By H. Thompson, Mike A. Brown, R. F. Ball, M. Bew. 2002

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The resistance of varroa mites (Acari: Varroidae) to acaricides and the presence of esterase (2005, background): “Since other resistance mechanisms are operating on varroa mites, including esterase detoxification (Gerson et al., 1991; Thompson et al., 2002), monooxygenases in the P450 system (Hillesheim et al.”
Acute toxicity of essential oils and other natural compounds to the parasitic mite, Varroa destructor, and to larval and adult worker honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) (2009, background): “Mite resistance to fluvalinate has been well documented (Lodesani et al., 1995; Elzen et al., 1998; Thompson et al., 2002).”
Fatal powdering of bees in flight with particulates of neonicotinoids seed coating and humidity implication (2012, background): “From the 1970s to the 1980s, the parasitic bee mite, Varroa destructor, appeared in Europe and United States, (Thompson et al. 2002), passed from the East Asiatic Apis cerana Fabricious to the African and European Apis mellifera L (Anderson and Truman 2000), causing losses to apiaries (Neumann and…”