The disintegrin/metalloproteinase ADAM10 is essential for the establishment of the brain cortex
By E. Jorissen, Johannes Prox, C. Bernreuther, Silvio Weber, R. Schwanbeck, L. Serneels, An Snellinx, K. Craessaerts, A. Thathiah, I. Tesseur and 6 more. 2010
371 citations recorded by the source corpus.
The metalloproteinase and major amyloid precursor protein (APP) α-secretase candidate ADAM10 is responsible for the shedding of proteins important for brain development, such as cadherins, ephrins, and Notch receptors. Adam10 −/− mice die at embryonic day 9.5, due to major defects in development of somites and vasculogenesis. To investigate the function of ADAM10 in brain, we generated Adam10 conditional knock-out (cKO) mice using a Nestin-Cre promotor, limiting ADAM10 inactivation to neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and NPC-derived neurons and glial cells. The cKO mice die perinatally with a disrupted neocortex and a severely reduced ganglionic eminence, due to precocious neuronal differentiation resulting in an early depletion of progenitor cells. Premature neuronal differentiation is associated with aberrant neuronal migration and a disorganized laminar architecture in the neocortex. Neurospheres derived from Adam10 cKO mice have a disrupted sphere organization and segregated more neurons at the expense of astrocytes. We found that Notch-1 processing was affected, leading to downregulation of several Notch-regulated genes in Adam10 cKO brains, in accordance with the central role of ADAM10 in this signaling pathway and explaining the neurogenic phenotype. Finally, we found that α-secretase-mediated processing of APP was largely reduced in these neurons, demonstrating that ADAM10 represents the most important APP α-secretase in brain. Our study reveals that ADAM10 plays a central role in the developing brain by controlling mainly Notch-dependent pathways but likely also by reducing surface shedding of other neuronal membrane proteins including APP.
Subfields: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Immunology and Allergy, Physiology
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Citations in the corpus
- A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase (ADAM) and ADAM with Thrombospondin Motifs (ADAMTS) Family in Vascular Biology and Disease (2019, background): “ADAM-12L can mediate cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by controlling the shedding of HBEGF [71, 72], and Notch signal pathway [73], and thereby regulates the disease progression [73, 74].”
- APP processing in Alzheimer's disease (2011, neutral): “ADAM10 conditionally knocked-out [54].”
- A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease (ADAM): Historical Overview of Their Functions (2016, background): “RIPping is not limited to Notch and APP, as this mechanism is active for several other proteins shed by ADAMs.”
- Amyloid Precursor Protein Processing and Alzheimer’s Disease (2011, background): “Several aspects of the standard model deserve comment. α-cleavage of APP (+17) is attributed to the ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase) family of proteases (Asai et al. 2003; Jorissen et al. 2010) and occurs, to a large extent, on the cell surface.”