Keck Spectroscopy of Distant GOODS Spheroidal Galaxies: Downsizing in a Hierarchical Universe

By T. Treu, Richard S. Ellis, Ting X. Liao, P. V. van Dokkum. 2005

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We analyze the evolution of the fundamental plane for 141 field spheroidal galaxies in the redshift range 0.2 < z < 1.2, selected morphologically to a magnitude limit F850LP = 22.43 in the northern field of the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey. For massive galaxies, we find that the bulk of the star formation was completed prior to z = 2. However, for the lower mass galaxies, the luminosity-weighted ages are significantly younger. The differential change in mass-to-light ratio correlates closely with rest-frame color, consistent with recent star formation and associated growth. Our data are consistent with mass rather than environment governing the overall growth, contrary to the expectations of hierarchical assembly. We discuss how feedback, conduction, and galaxy interactions may explain the downsizing trends seen within our large sample.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b0b09a98dd5e4008ac4ef30d27587eddc8c06b80

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Citations in the corpus

Resolved Galaxies in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field: Star Formation in Disks at High Redshift (2007, background): “According to Conselice et al. (2003), Treu et al. (2005), and others, the epoch of major mergers ended around z 2 and produced most of the giant ellipticals.”
The Sloan Lens ACS Survey. II. Stellar Populations and Internal Structure of Early-Type Lens Galaxies (2005, methodology): “We emphasize that such comparisons should be taken with caution given the different selection criteria for the various samples and the importance of accounting for selection ef- fects to interpret the evolution of the FP (see discussions in Treu et al. 2001b, 2002, 2005b).”
The zCOSMOS redshift survey: the role of environment and stellar mass in shaping the rise of the morphology-density relation from z ~ 1 (2009, background): “Evidence for blue colours or star formation signatures in the spectra of early-type galaxies has been reported by various studies in the past (Schade et al. 1999; Im et al. 2001; Menanteau et al. 2001, 2004; Cross et al. 2004; Cassata et al. 2005; Treu et al. 2005a; Cassata et al. 2007).”
3D-HST WFC3-SELECTED PHOTOMETRIC CATALOGS IN THE FIVE CANDELS/3D-HST FIELDS: PHOTOMETRY, PHOTOMETRIC REDSHIFTS, AND STELLAR MASSES (2014, background): “The MODS redshifts are compiled from Yoshikawa et al. (2010); Barger et al. (2008); Reddy et al. (2006); Treu et al. (2005); Wirth et al. (2004); Cowie et al. (2004); Cohen (2001); Cohen et al. (2000); Dawson et al. (2001).”
Cosmic Evolution of Black Holes and Spheroids. III. The MBH-σ* Relation in the Last Six Billion Years (2008, background): “As seen for example in fundamental plane studies (e.g. Treu et al. 2005, Woo et al. 2004, 2005), active and quiescent massive early-type galaxies have relatively old stellar populations in the redshift range considered here (z ∼ 0.4−0.6).”
The DEEP3 Galaxy Redshift Survey: the impact of environment on the size evolution of massive early-type galaxies at intermediate redshift (2011, background): “…support this picture of accelerated evolution in high-density environments, with several analyses finding that galaxies in highdensity regions tend to reach the FP more quickly than those in low-density regions (van Dokkum et al. 2001; Gebhardt et al. 2003; Moran et al. 2005; Treu et al. 2005a).”
Structure and Star Formation in Galaxies out to z = 3: Evidence for Surface Density Dependent Evolution and Upsizing (2008, background): “The evolution of these correlations with redshift (e.g., Franx 1993, van Dokkum and Franx 1996, van der Wel et al. 2005, Treu et al. 2005, van Dokkum & van der Marel 2007) provide the evolution of the mass-tolight ratio with redshift, which is essential for a proper interpretation of the evolution…”
STELLAR KINEMATICS OF z ∼ 2 GALAXIES AND THE INSIDE-OUT GROWTH OF QUIESCENT GALAXIES, (2012, background): “…quiescent galaxies atz ∼ 1, which itself is a compilation of three studies in the following fields: Chandra Deep Field South (CDF-S; van der Wel et al. 2004; 2005), the Hubble Deep Field North (HDF-N; Treu et al. 2005a; 2005b), and cluster galaxies in MS 1054-0321 atz = 0.831 (Wuyts et al. 2004).”
The SAURON project - IV. The mass-to-light ratio, the virial mass estimator and the Fundamental Plane of elliptical and lenticular galaxies (2005, result): “The observed age trend is consistent with evidences of downsizing (Cowie et al. 1996)from high redshift studies (e.g. di Serego Alighieri et al. 2005;Treu et al. 2005; van der Wel et al. 2005).”
Deep GALEX Imaging of the COSMOS HST Field: A First Look at the Morphology of z ~ 0.7 Star-forming Galaxies (2007, background): “Others, on the other hand, find evidence that the most massive galaxies were already in place by redshift z ∼ 1 (Juneau et al. 2005; Treu et al. 2005; Feulner et al. 2005; Brinchmann & Ellis 2000).”
CANDELS: THE COSMIC ASSEMBLY NEAR-INFRARED DEEP EXTRAGALACTIC LEGACY SURVEY (2011, unknown): “Furthermore, the field has been the subject of numerous spectroscopic surveys (e.g. Steidel et al. 2003; Wirth et al. 2004; Treu et al. 2005; Strolger et al. 2005; Reddy et al. 2006; Barger et al. 2008; Yoshikawa et al. 2010; Daddi et al. 2010; Cooper et al. 2011).”
How do minor mergers promote inside-out growth of ellipticals, transforming the size, density profile and dark matter fraction? (2012, background): “…of old (z & 2) stellar populations in these galaxies, leaving little room for gas accretion and subsequent star formation (e.g. Searle et al. 1973; Brinchmann & Ellis 2000; Treu et al. 2005; Thomas et al. 2010; van Dokkum et al. 2010; López-Sanjuan et al. 2010; Young 2011; Crocker 2012).”
The Fundamental Scaling Relations of Elliptical Galaxies (2005, background): “…of the FP changes with redshift owing to passive evolution of the stellar populations, there is still disagreement regarding the redshiftevolution of the FP tilt (e.g., Gebhardt et al. 2003; van Dokkum & Stanford 2003; van der Wel et al. 2005; Treu et al. 2005; di Serego Alighieri et al. 2005).”
The build-up of the colour-magnitude relation in galaxy clusters since z ~ 0.8 (2006, background): “…of red–sequence galaxies is expected as a natural consequence of the recently established mass-dependence of elliptical galaxy evolution both in clusters and in the field (Thomas et al. 2005; Gallazzi et al. 2005; van der Wel et al. 2005; Treu et al. 2005; Holden et al. 2005; Nelan et al. 2005).”
Determining the Properties and Evolution of Red Galaxies from the Quasar Luminosity Function (2005, background): “…more recently (see, e.g. Treu et al. 2001; van Dokkum et al. 2001; Treu et al. 2002; van Dokkum & Stanford 2003; Gebhardt et al. 2003; Rusin et al. 2003; van de Ven et al. 2003; Wuyts et al. 2004; Treu et al. 2005; Holden et al. 2005; van der Wel et al. 2005; di Serego Alighieri et al. 2005).”
UV Luminosity Functions at z~4, 5, and 6 from the Hubble Ultra Deep Field and Other Deep Hubble Space Telescope ACS Fields: Evolution and Star Formation History (2007, background): “…evolution, from the decrease in the cross-over mass between spheroids and disk galaxies (Bundy et al. 2005) to the greater late-stage star formation in the lowest luminosity ellipticals (e.g., Kodama et al. 2004; Cross et al. 2004; Treu et al. 2005; McIntosh et al. 2005; van der Wel et al. 2005).”